ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﯽ ﺗﻨﻮع ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻗﺾ ﻧﻤﺎ در اﺷﻌﺎر ﺷﻤﺲ ﻟﻨﮕﺮودي ﺑﺎ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ﺑﻠﮕﺮاﻣﯽ

A Comparative Study of the Variety of Paradox Functions in Shams Langroudi's Poems with Belgram's Theory

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻗﺾ ﻧﻤﺎ ﯾﺎ ﭘﺎرادوﮐﺲ از ﻓﻨﯽﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ادﺑﯽ اﺳﺖ، ﮐﻪ از ﺗﺠﻤﯿﻊ دو ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻣﺘﻀﺎد در ﯾﮏ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﭘﺪﯾﺪ آﻣﺪه و ﺑﻪ ﺧﻠﻖ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ ﺟﺪﯾﺪي ﻣﯽ اﻧﺠﺎﻣﺪ. ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻗﺾ ﻧﻤﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻪ دﺳﺘﮥ ﻟﻔﻈﯽ )ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ(، دﺳﺘﻮري و ﻣﺤﺘﻮاﯾﯽ )ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ( دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. آﻧﭽﻪ ﻣﻐﻔﻮل ﻣﺎﻧﺪه اﺳﺖ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ راﺑﻄﮥ ﺑﯿﻦ دو ﺳﻮي ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻗﺾ ﻧﻤﺎ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻗﺾ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﯽ در اﺷﻌﺎرﺷﻤﺲ ﻟﻨﮕﺮودي، ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪد ﻗﺪرت ﺧﻼﻗﮥ ﺧﯿﺎل وي ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮه ﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻧﯽ ﺑﯿﺎن ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﯿﺎن ﻓﺮا زﺑﺎﻧﯽ وي، ﻏﯿﺮﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﻫﺎ را ﻣﺠﺎل ﺣﻀﻮر داده ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ و ﺑﯿﺎن ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ـ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﺑﭙﺮدازد. اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﯿﻮة ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ـ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﯿﺮي از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪاي، ﺑﺎ ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻖ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﮥ ﻏﻼﻣﻌﻠﯽ آزاد ﺑﻠﮕﺮاﻣﯽ )ﺷﺎﻋﺮ و ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺮ ﻫﻨﺪي ﻗﺮن ﯾﺎزده ﻫﺠﺮي( در دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي رواﺑﻂ ﻋﻠﺖ و ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻟﯽ دو ﺳﻮي ﭘﺎرادوﮐﺲ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﭘﺮﺳﺶ اﺳﺎﺳﯽ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ. 1- آﯾﺎ ﻃﺮﻓﯿﻦ ﭘﺎرادوﮐﺲ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر ﺑﺮده در اﺷﻌﺎر ﺷﻤﺲ ﻟﻨﮕﺮودي، از ﯾﺎزده ﮔﻮﻧﻪ راﺑﻄﮥ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﻠﮕﺮاﻣﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﻮرداراﺳﺖ؟ 2- ﮐﺪام ﻧﻮع از ﭘﺎرادوﮐﺲ ﻫﺎ در اﺷﻌﺎر ﺷﻤﺲ ﻟﻨﮕﺮودي ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي دارد؟

Paradox is one of the most technical literary industries that arises from the combination of two opposing elements in a subject and leads to the creation of a new meaning. Paradoxical view is divided into three categories: verbal (synthetic), grammatical and content (analytical). What has been overlooked is the examination of the relationship between the two sides of the paradox . Paradoxical expressions in Shams Langroudi's poems have been expressed in various ways with the help of his creative power of imagination. His metalanguage expression allows the impossible to be present in order to convey concepts and express socio-cultural issues. This research has been done by descriptive-analytical method using library sources, by applying the theory of Gholam Ali Azad Belgrami (Indian poet and researcher of the eleventh century AH) in categorizing the cause-and-effect relations between the two sides of the paradox .This is the fundamental question. 1- Do the two sides of the paradoxes used in Shams Langroudi's poems have eleven kinds of relations considered by Belgrami? 2- What kind of paradoxes are most used in Shams Langroudi's poems?