ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮﻫﺎي ﻫﻨﺮي در اﺷﻌﺎر ﻋﺎﺷﻮراﯾﯽ اﻫﻠﯽ ﺷﯿﺮازي و ﺑﺎﺑﺎﻓﻐﺎﻧﯽ ﺷﯿﺮازي

Artistic images in the Assyrian poems of Ahli Shirazi and Babafghani Shirazi

ﻣﺮﺛﯿﻪ دراﺻﻄﻼح ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎي ﺳﺮودن ﺷﻌﺮ در رﺛﺎي ﺷﺨﺺ اﺳﺖ و از ﻧﺨﺴﺘﯿﻦ ادوار ﺷﻌﺮ ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ وﺟﻮد داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﮥ ادﺑﯽ در ﻋﺼﺮ ﺻﻔﻮي ﺑﺎ ﺣﺎدﺛﮥ ﮐﺮﺑﻼ ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪ ﺧﻮرد و رﻓﺘﻪ رﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﯾﮏ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ اﺳﺘﻮار درآﻣﺪ. از آن زﻣﺎن ﺷﺎﻋﺮانِ ﺷﯿﻌﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮودن اﺷﻌﺎر ﻣﺬﻫﺒﯽ، ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه اﺷﻌﺎر ﻋﺎﺷﻮراﯾﯽ و ﺷﺮح ﺟﺰﺋﯿﺎت وﻗﺎﯾﻊ آن، ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻨﺪ. اﻫﻠﯽ ﺷﯿﺮازي و ﺑﺎﺑﺎﻓﻐﺎﻧﯽ ﺷﯿﺮازي ازﺟﻤﻠﮥ ﺷﺎﻋﺮان ﺑﺰرگ ﻋﺼﺮ ﺻﻔﻮي ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ در رﺛﺎي اﻣﺎم ﺣﺴﯿﻦ)ع( و ﺷﻬﯿﺪان ﮐﺮﺑﻼ اﺷﻌﺎر ﺷﻮراﻧﮕﯿﺰي ﺳﺮوده اﻧﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ 267 ﺑﯿﺖ از اﺷﻌﺎر ﻋﺎﺷﻮراﯾﯽ ﺷﺎﻋﺮان ﻣﺬﮐﻮر از دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮﻫﺎي ادﺑﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ آﻣﺎري داده ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ؛ اﻫﻠﯽ ﺷﯿﺮازي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺑﺎ ﻓﻐﺎﻧﯽ ﺷﯿﺮازي ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدﻫﺎي ﻫﻨﺮي ﺗﺮي دارد. اﻏﻠﺐِ ﻣﺮﺛﯿﻪ ﻫﺎ، اوزان ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ و ﻟﺤﻨﯽ آرام و ﻏﻢ اﻧﮕﯿﺰ دارﻧﺪ. ﺑﺴﺎﻣﺪ واژه ﻫﺎي ﻋﺮﺑﯽ و ﻧﯿﺰ واژه ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن ﻋﺰاداري ﻋﺎﺷﻮرا )ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﮐﺮﺑﻼ، ﺧﻮن، ﺷﻬﯿﺪ، ﻏﻢ و...( در ﻫﻤﮥ ﻣﺮﺛﯿﻪ ﻫﺎ ﭼﺸﻤﮕﯿﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻧﺤﻮي ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺮورت ﺷﻌﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ رﯾﺨﺘﻪ، وﻟﯽ اﯾﻦ دﮔﺮﮔﻮﻧﯽ ﻫﺎ در ﺷﻌﺮ ﻣﺘﺪاول ﺑﻮده و ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻧﻤﯽ ﺷﻮد. از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻓﮑﺮي ﻧﯿﺰ ﻫﻤﮥ ﻣﺮﺛﯿﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺆﯾﺪ ﺷﯿﻌﯽ ﺑﻮدن ﺷﺎﻋﺮان اﺳﺖ؛ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ دادن ﺣﺎدﺛﮥ ﻋﺎﺷﻮرا ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﮏ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻮﻋﯽ ﺟﺒﺮﮔﺮاﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ، در اﯾﻦ اﺷﻌﺎر ﭼﺸﻤﮕﯿﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، آﺷﮑﺎرﮐﺮدن ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖ ﻫﺎ و ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻫﺎي ادﺑﯽ ﻣﺮﺛﯿﻪ ﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ دو ﺷﺎﻋﺮ و ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ دﯾﺪﮔﺎه آﻧﺎن ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﯿﺪاﻟﺸّﻬﺪا)ع( اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺰﮐﯿﮥ روح در ﭼﺸﻤﮥ زﻻل ﺳﻮﮔﻮاري ﻋﺎﺷﻮرا را در ﭘﯽ دارد.

Lamentation in the term means composing poetry in a person's mourning and has existed since the first periods of Persian poetry. In the Safavid era, this type of literature was linked to the Karbala incident and gradually became a stable culture. Since then, Shiite poets have written religious poems, especially Ashura poems, detailing their events. Ahli Shirazi and Babafghani Shirazi are among the great poets of the Safavid era who wrote exhilarating poems in the mourning of Imam Hussein (AS) and the martyrs of Karbala. In this research, 267 bits of Ashura poems of the mentioned poets have been studied from the perspective of literary images by statistical analysis of data; The people of Shiraz have more artistic uses than Baba Faghani Shirazi. Most of the laments have heavy weights and a calm and sad tone. The frequency of Arabic words as well as words with the mourning discourse of Ashura (such as Karbala, blood, martyr, sorrow, etc.) is significant in all elegies. The syntactic structure of many sentences is necessarily confused with poetry, but these changes are common in poetry and are not considered prominence. Intellectually, all the elegies confirm that the poets are Shiites; Attributing the incident of Ashura to the sky, which is a kind of determinism, is significant in these poems. The most important result of the present study is to reveal the literary similarities and differences between the laments of these two poets and to know their views on the martyrs, which leads to the cultivation of the soul in the clear source of Ashura mourning .