ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﻌﺎري ﻣﻌﺸﻮق در ﮐﻠّﯿﺎت ﺷﻤﺲ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰي ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﻈﺮﯾﮥ اﺳﺘﻌﺎره ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ

A study of the beloved metaphorical systems in the generalities of Shams Tabrizi based on metaphorical theory

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه از آﻧﺠﺎ ﮐﻪ ﻋﺸﻖ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ اﻧﺘﺰاﻋﯽ دارد؛ ﻋﺎرﻓﺎن ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ و ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ آن از ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺣﺴﯽ و ﻣﻠﻤﻮس ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮده و ﺑﺮاي آن از زﺑﺎن اﺳﺘﻌﺎره، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮐﺮده اﻧﺪ. ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻋﺸﻖ در ﻫﻤﮥ دورانﻫﺎ و زﻣﺎن ﻫﺎ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﺎﻋﺮان و ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ، اﻣﺎ در ﺳﺒﮏ ﻋﺮاﻗﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ و اﻋﺘﺒﺎر آﺛﺎري ﮐﻪ درﺑﺎرة ﻋﺸﻖ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ و ﺳﺮوده ﺷﺪه؛ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي دارد. ﯾﮑﯽ از دﯾﻮان ﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﺮوف و ﻣﺸﻬﻮر ﻗﺮن ﻫﻔﺘﻢ، ﮐﻠّﯿﺎت ﺷﻤﺲ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰي اﺛﺮ ﻣﻮﻻﻧﺎ ﺟﻼل اﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺑﻠﺨﯽ اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ اﺛﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ زﺑﺎﻧﯽ، ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺷﺎﻋﺮاﻧﻪ و اﺳﺘﻌﺎري ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و از ﺣﯿﺚ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻮﻻﻧﺎ در ﮐﻠّﯿﺎت ﺷﻤﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ و اﯾﺪﺋﻮﻟﻮژي ﻫﺎي ﺣﺎﮐﻢ ﺑﺮ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﮥ آن ﻋﺼﺮ، درﯾﺎﻓﺘﯽ ﺧﺎص از ﻋﺸﻖ دارد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ اﯾﻦ دﯾﻮان، داراي ﺑﻨﯿﺎن ﻣﻨﺴﺠﻤﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﻌﺎري ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺮﭘﺎﯾﮥ ﯾﮏ ﯾﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ اﺳﺘﻌﺎرة اﺻﻠﯽ ﻣﺸﺘﺮك ﯾﺎ ﻓﺮدي در آﻧﻬﺎ اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮة ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ـ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و اﺑﺰار ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﺷﺪه، درﺻﺪد آن اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﻌﺎري ﻋﺸﻖ در ﮐﻠّﯿﺎت ﺷﻤﺲ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰي ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﻈﺮﯾﮥ اﺳﺘﻌﺎره ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﺑﭙﺮدازد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﺳﺘﻌﺎرهﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﺸﻮﻗﯽ در اﯾﻦ اﺛﺮ، در واﻗﻊ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪة اﯾﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﯿﺎن ﻣﻌﺸﻮق و ﺧﺪا و ﺳﻪ ﻧﮕﺎﺷﺖ اﺳﺘﻌﺎري »ﻋﺸﻖ ﺧﺪا اﺳﺖ«، »ﺧﺪا ﻣﻌﺸﻮق اﺳﺖ«، »ﺧﺪا ﻋﺸﻖ اﺳﺖ«، ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

Because love has an abstract meaning; Mystics have used sensory and tangible elements to explain and describe it, and have used metaphorical language for it. However, the subject of love has been the focus of poets and writers in all eras and times; But in the Iraqi style in terms of the importance and credibility of the works written and written about love; It has more prominence. One of the famous and famous madmen of the seventh century is the generalities of Shams Tabrizi by Maulana Jalaluddin Mohammad Balkhi. This work is linguistically more poetic and metaphorical and is mystical in meaning. Rumi in the generalities of the sun, according to the culture and ideologies that ruled the society of that time, has a special perception of love. This court also has a coherent foundation that is the result of metaphorical networks formed on the basis of one or more main common or individual metaphors in them. This research, which is a descriptive-analytical method and library tools, seeks to investigate the metaphorical systems of love in the generalities of Shams Tabrizi based on metaphorical theory. The results of the research indicate that the metaphors of the beloved in this work actually show the similarity between the beloved and God and the three metaphorical depictions of God's love, God is the beloved, God is love, is.