ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻧﮕﺎره ﻫﺎي ﺗﻤﺜﯿﻠﯽ ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﺼﻤﺪ در ﺷﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ

Analysis of Abdolsamad's allegorical paintings in Shahnameh

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه ﺗﻤﺜﯿﻞ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ اﺳﻠﻮب ﺑﻼﻏﯽ در ادب ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ اﯾﺮان و ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﮔﻔﺖ ﺗﻤﺜﯿﻞ ﺷﯿﻮه اي از داﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻮﯾﯽ و رواﯾﺖ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺷﻤﺮده ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻧﯽ ﻏﯿﺮ داﺳﺘﺎﻧﯽ را ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺷﺸﯽ از ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ داﺳﺘﺎﻧﯽ درﺑﺮﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮد و ﺷﮑﻠﯽ رواﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ آن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ. ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﺼﻤﺪ ﺷﯿﺮازي ﻣﻌﺮوف ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﺼﻤﺪ ﺷﯿﺮﯾﻦ ﻗﻠﻢ، ﻧﻘﺎش ﻗﺮن ﺷﺎﻧﺰدﻫﻢ ﻣﯿﻼدي اﻫﻞ اﯾﺮان از ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﮔﺬاران ﻣﮑﺘﺐ ﻧﮕﺎرﮔﺮي ﮔﻮرﮐﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻮد. ﻧﻘﺎﺷﯽ ﻫﺎي ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﺼﻤﺪ ﮐﻪ در آﻏﺎز ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻤﺎً ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ از ﺳﻨّﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻘﺎﺷﯽ اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ و ﻣﮑﺘﺐ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ ﺑﻮد، ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮور ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻧﻮﻋﯽ رﺋﺎﻟﯿﺴﻢ ﻣﯿﻞ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ و آﺛﺎر ﻣﺘﺄﺧّﺮ وي از روﯾﮑﺮد واﻗﻊ ﮔﺮاﯾﺎﻧﻪ ﭘﺮﺗﻮاﻧﯽ ﺣﮑﺎﯾﺖ دارد. ﻫﺪف از اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻧﮕﺎره ﻫﺎي ﺗﻤﺜﯿﻠﯽ ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﺼﻤﺪ در ﺷﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. روش اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ـ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و ﺗﻌﺪادي از ﻧﮕﺎره ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ در ﺳﺒﮏ اﯾﺮان و ﻫﻨﺪ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد ﻫﻨﺮﻣﻨﺪاﻧﯽ ﭼﻮن ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﺼﻤﺪ، ﻣﮑﺘﺐ ﮔﻮرﮐﺎﻧﯽ اﺑﺪاع و ﺑﻪ ﺑﻠﻮغ و ﺷﮑﻮﻓﺎﯾﯽ رﺳﯿﺪ، ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﮕﺎره ﻫﺎ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﮔﻔﺖ ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﺼﻤﺪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ در ﻧﻘﺶ ﯾﮏ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮﮔﺮ ﺻﺮف ﻣﺘﻦ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻧﺸﺪه و ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ذﻫﻨﯽ و ﺣﺎل و ﻫﻮاي ﺧﻮد ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﻤﺜﯿﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ آﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ و ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ و ﺳﻨّﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎص ﻧﻘﺎﺷﯽ را در ﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ.

Allegory is one of the most prominent rhetorical styles in Persian literature of Iran and it can be said that allegory is also considered a method of storytelling and narration that includes a non-fiction theme with a cover of narrative elements and gives it a narrative form. Abdolsamad's paintings, which in the beginning were directly used and taken from the traditions of Iranian painting and the Tabriz school, have gradually tended towards a kind of realism, and his recent works indicate a powerful realistic approach. The purpose of this study is to analyze the allegorical drawings of Abdolsamad in Shahnameh. The method of this descriptive-analytical research and a number of drawings in the style of Iran and India have been studied. The results showed that despite the presence of artists such as Abdolsamad, the Gurkhani school was invented and reached maturity and prosperity. The use of allegory has played a role and has taken into account the specific rules and traditions of painting.