كليدواژه :
ﺳﭙﺎﻧﻠﻮ و ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻟﯿﺴﻢ , آﺷﻨﺎﯾﯽ زداﯾﯽ , ﻫﻨﺠﺎرﮔﺮﯾﺰي , ﺷﻌﺮ ﺳﭙﺎﻧﻠﻮ
چكيده فارسي :
ﭼﮑﯿﺪه ﻣﮑﺘﺐ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻟﯿﺴﻢ در ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﻌﺮ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ زﺑﺎن و ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺻﻮري اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ و در ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﺘﻦ، روﯾﮑﺮدي درون ﻣﺘﻨﯽ دارد ﻧﻪ ﺑﺮون ﻣﺘﻨﯽ؛ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺑﺮون ﻣﺘﻨﯽ ﻫﻤﭽﻮن زﻧﺪﮔﯿﻨﺎﻣﮥ ﻣﺆﻟّﻒ، اﯾﺪﺋﻮﻟﻮژي، اﺧﻼﻗﯿﺎت و... ﻣﻮرد ﺑﯽ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ اﺳﺖ و زﺑﺎن در ﮐﺎﻧﻮن ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮد. اﯾﻨﺎن ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ ﻋﻘﯿﺪه اﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ زﺑﺎن ﺷﻌﺮ رﯾﺸﻪ در آﺷﻨﺎﯾﯽ زداﯾﯽ دارد و زﺑﺎن ﺷﻌﺮ ﺑﻪ واﺳﻄﮥ اﻧﺤﺮاف از ﻧﺮم ﺷﮑﻞ ﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮد و ﻫﻨﺠﺎرﮔﺮﯾﺰ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻨﺠﺎرﮔﺮﯾﺰي ﻧﯿﺰ اﻧﻮاع ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺗﯽ ﭼﻮن ﻫﻨﺠﺎرﮔﺮﯾﺰي ﻣﻌﻨﺎﯾﯽ، آرﮐﺎﺋﯿﺴﻢ، ﻫﻨﺠﺎرﮔﺮﯾﺰي ﻧﺤﻮي، واژﮔﺎﻧﯽ و.. دارد. در ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، زﺑﺎن ﺷﻌﺮي ﺳﭙﺎﻧﻠﻮ از اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ واﻗﻊ ﺷﺪه و اﻧﻮاع ﭘﺮﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻫﻨﺠﺎرﮔﺮﯾﺰي در ﺷﻌﺮ او ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ﻫﻨﺠﺎرﮔﺮﯾﺰي ﻣﻌﻨﺎﯾﯽ، آرﮐﺎﺋﯿﺴﻢ زﺑﺎﻧﯽ، ﻫﻨﺠﺎرﮔﺮﯾﺰي ﻧﺤﻮي، ﻫﻨﺠﺎرﮔﺮﯾﺰي واژﮔﺎﻧﯽ و ﺳﺒﮑﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺟﺰو اﻧﻮاع ﭘﺮﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻫﻨﺠﺎرﮔﺮﯾﺰي در ﺷﻌﺮ اوﺳﺖ، ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن از آن دارد ﮐﻪ در ﻫﻨﺠﺎرﮔﺮﯾﺰي ﻣﻌﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺎﻋﺮ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﺗﺸﺒﯿﻪ و در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﮥ ﺑﻌﺪ اﺳﺘﻌﺎره و ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮص اﺳﺘﻌﺎرة ﺗﺒﻌﯿﻪ ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮده اﺳﺖ. ﮔﺮاﯾﺶ ﺑﻪ آرﮐﺎﺋﯿﺴﻢ زﺑﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﮐﺎرﮐﺮد ﻣﻮﺳﯿﻘﯿﺎﯾﯽ داﺷﺘﻪ و ﻫﻨﺠﺎرﮔﺮﯾﺰي واژﮔﺎﻧﯽ را ﻧﯿﺰ ﺷﺎﻋﺮ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎً در ﺟﻬﺖ ﺧﻠﻖ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﺎ واژه ﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار داده اﺳﺖ. از ﻫﻨﺠﺎرﮔﺮﯾﺰي ﺳﺒﮑﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮي دﯾﮕﺮ در آﺷﻨﺎي زداﯾﯽ و ﺗﻨﻮع ﺑﺨﺸﯿﺪن ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮة ﺑﯿﺎن و ﻟﺤﻦ ﮐﻼم ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮده اﺳﺖ.
چكيده لاتين :
Formalism is a school in literary criticism that in textuality pays more attention to language and formal elements, and in this approach of textuality, Extra-textual elements such as the author's biography, ideology, ethics, and so on do not have a interfere in text. Formalists believe that the literature is a genre of language that formed by different types of Defamilirizations and Deviations. Types of deviations that formed the lingustic language is archaism, lexical Deviation, semantic Deviation and etc.
In the present study, Spanloo's poetic language has been studied and analyzed from this perspective and the commonly used types of anomaly in his poetry such as semantic anomaly, linguistic archaism, syntactic anomaly, lexical anomaly and style are among the most used types of Deviation in his poetry. The results of the research show that in Deviation of sepanloo poems, the types of Deviations as a semantic devition, archaism, lexical deviation, Syntactic Deviation and oyhere types of deviation used. The results of this research show that in semantic deviation, simile is the most widely used and in the next stage, he has used metaphor and especially subordinate metaphor.
The tendency towards archaism has had more of a musical function, and lexical deviation has often been used by the poet for creation of new concepts. Stylistic deviation has also been used in another way to de-familiarization and diversify of the expression and tone of speech.
