ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي رﻫﺒﺮي اﻣﺎم ﺧﻤﯿﻨﯽ از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ

An Analysis of the Leadership Features of Imām Khomeyni from the Perspective of Political Psychology

هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسي مؤلفه‌‌هاي رهبري و رفتار سياسي امام خميني از منظر نظريه‌‌پردازان روان‌‌شناسي سياسي و علوم سياسي بود. در اين راستا و با روش توصيفي- تحليلي به تبيين ماهيت، شخصيت و رفتار سياسي رهبري امام خميني و علت تأثيرگذاري عميق وي در تحولات اجتماعي و فرهنگي- سياسي پرداخته شده است. بررسي تطبيقي دو نظريه آلفرد آدلر و ماكس وبر با ويژگي‌‌هاي رهبري امام خميني نشان داد كه از استرتژي‌‌هاي مناسب رفتار سياسي امام خميني مي‌‌توان به تكليف‌‌گرايي، عدالت، تهذيب نفس، پرهيز از رياكاري، سبك زندگي، خلاقيت، قاطعيت و مواردي از اين قبيل اشاره كرد. امام خميني برخلاف رهبران كاريزمايي و برخلاف نظريه ماكس وبر، منبع مشروعيت را با لحاظ نقش تثبيتي مردم، الهي و نه شخصي مي‌‌دانستند و به شدت با مريدپروري و پيروان‌‌سازي و نگرش توده‌‌اي و انفعال‌‌طلب به مردم مخالف بودند‌‌.

The purpose of the present study is to review the components of Imām Khomeyni's leadership and behavior from the view of theorists in the field of political psychology and political science. In this regard and using a descriptive-analytic method, it was attempted to explain the essence, character, and political behavior of his leadership and the cause of his deep impact on the social, cultural, and political transformations. The comparative review of the two theories by Alfred Adler and Max Weber and leadership characteristics of Imām Khomeyni revealed that some of appropriate strategies in his political behavior include commitment, justice, self-purification, avoidance of hypocrisy, life style, creativity, decisiveness, and so on. Contrary to charismatic leaders and Max Weber's theory, he paid attention to the consolidating role of people and regarded the source of legitimacy to be divine not personal. He was immensely against gathering fanatic followers for himself as well as mass and passive outlook on people.