ﯾﮏ روش ﺑﻬﺒﻮدﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﮑﺎنﯾﺎﺑﯽ آﻧﻼﯾﻦ ﺧﻄﺎ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ واﺣﺪ اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﻓﺎزور در ﺧﻄﻮط اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺣﺪ ﺣﺮارﺗﯽ

An Improved Method for Online Fault Location Based on the Phasor Measurement Unit in Transmission Lines Considering the Thermal Limit

در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ، ﯾﮏ روش ﺑﻬﺒﻮدﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ آﻧﻼﯾﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺨﻤﯿﻦ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ و ﻣﺤﻞﺧﻄﺎ در ﺧﻄﻮط اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ واﺣﺪﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﻓﺎزور ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪه در دو ﻃﺮف ﺧﻂ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮﺧﻼف روشﻫﺎي آﻓﻼﯾﻦ، اﯾﻦ روش ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻫﻨﺪﺳﯽ ﺧﻄﻮط، ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺧﻄﺎ و اﻣﭙﺪاﻧﺲ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻌﺎدل ﺗﻮﻧﻦ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻧﺪارد. ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻣﺪلﺳﺎزي ﺧﻄﻮط، ﺗﺨﻤﯿﻦ ﺣﺪ ﺣﺮارﺗﯽ ﺧﻄﻮط اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺗﻮان را ﻣﺤﺪود ﻣﯽﺳﺎزد. روشﻫﺎي آﻓﻼﯾﻦ ﺑﻪﮐﺎر رﻓﺘﻪ، ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺪون اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﺎﻧﺪن ﺑﺨﺸﯽ از ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺗﻮان و اﯾﺠﺎد ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﻏﯿﺮواﻗﻌﯽ در ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، ﺗﺨﻤﯿﻦ ﺣﺪ ﺣﺮارﺗﯽ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ روﺷﯽ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﮔﺮدد ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت آﻧﻼﯾﻦ ﺑﻮده و داراي دﻗﺖ و ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺣﺪ ﺣﺮارﺗﯽ ﮐﺎر ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪهاي اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﻪ ﺗﺨﻤﯿﻦ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﺧﻄﻮط، ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ دﻣﺎي ﺧﻄﻮط و ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ آب و ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ اﻃﺮاف ﺧﻄﻮط ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ دارد. ﻟﺬا در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ، روش ﺟﺪﯾﺪي ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ روش ﭘﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ دﻣﺎي ﻫﺎدي و روش ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ آب و ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ روش، اﺑﺘﺪا ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﺧﻂ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺗﺨﻤﯿﻦ زده ﺷﺪه و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﯾﻦ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ و ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ آب و ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ ﺧﻂ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ، ﺣﺪ ﺣﺮارﺗﯽ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت آﻧﻼﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد. ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺠﺎم ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﺗﺨﻤﯿﻦ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن ﻣﺤﻞ ﺧﻄﺎ و ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﺧﻄﻮط از روش ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﺮﺑﻌﺎت ﻏﯿﺮﺧﻄﯽ )NLS( اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺷﺒﯿﻪﺳﺎزيﻫﺎ در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻧﺮماﻓﺰاري ﻣﺘﻠﺐ و ﺑﺮ روي ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺎ ﺟﺒﺮانﺳﺎز ﺳﺮي اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺷﺒﯿﻪﺳﺎزي ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ روش ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎدي از دﻗﺖ و ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺑﻮده و ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﺴﺰاﯾﯽ در اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮ ﺧﻄﻮط و ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ زﯾﺎنﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

In this paper, an improved online method for simultaneous estimation of parameters and fault location in transmission lines based on Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) installed on both sides of the transmission line is proposed. Unlike offline methods, the proposed method does not depend on the geometric characteristics of the lines, the fault resistance and the impedance of the equivalent Thevenin sources. The most important application of line modeling is to estimate the thermal rating of transmission lines, which limits the power transmission capacity. Offline methods cause part of the power transmission capacity to be unused and create unrealistic congestion in the transmission system. Therefore, the estimation must be determined in a way that is online and has the appropriate accuracy and speed. Calculating the thermal rating is a complex task that requires estimating the parameters of the lines, calculating the temperature of the lines and determining the climatic conditions of the environment around the studied lines. Therefore, a new method based on a combination of direct conductor temperature monitoring method and method based on climatic conditions is proposed in this paper. In this method, first, the parameters of the transmission line are estimated and then using these parameters and the weather conditions of the desired line, the thermal rating is calculated online. In this paper, the Nonlinear Least Squares (NLS) method is used to perform the process of simultaneously estimating the fault location and line parameters. The simulations were performed in the MATLAB software environment on a standard series capacitor-compensated transmission lines. The simulation results show that the proposed method has high accuracy and speed and can play a significant role in increasing the speed of line repairs and system reliability and reducing social and economic losses.