تاثير نانو ذرات سيليكون و سلنيوم بر افزايش رشد و بهره وري گياه نعناع فلفلي(Mentha piperita L.) تحت تنش شوري

The effect of selenium and silicon nanoparticles on increasing the growth and productivity of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) under salinity stress

ﺷﻮري آب آﺑﯿﺎري ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻌﻀﻼت ﻓﺰاﯾﻨﺪه در ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪات ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﺑﺎﻏﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺮان ﺑﺎﯾﺪ راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ را ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ و دراﺧﺘﯿﺎر ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداران ﻗﺮار دﻫﻨﺪ. در ﻫﻤﯿﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ ﺳﯿﻠﯿﮑﻮن و ﺳﻠﻨﯿﻮم ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ آﻧﻬﺎ ﭼﻪ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري و ﭼﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﮐﻮﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر آﻧﺰﯾﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﯿﺴﻢ آﻧﺘﯽ اﮐﺴﯿﺪان ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ، ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻮﺛﺮي در اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﺤﻤﻞﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري اﯾﻔﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪ. ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻼ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭼﻬﺎر ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﻮري و ﺳﻪ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﮐﻮدي از ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت ﺳﯿﻠﯿﮑﻮن و ﺳﻠﻨﯿﻮم در اﻧﺪازه ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ و ﻧﺎﻧﻮ در داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﺷﯿﺮوان، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺑﺠﻨﻮرد اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺖ. ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ آﻣﺎري ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﺛﺮ اﺻﻠﯽ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري ﻃﺒﻖ اﻧﺘﻈﺎر، ﺑﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ )ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ درﺻﺪ اﺳﺎﻧﺲ( در ﮔﯿﺎه ﻧﻌﻨﺎ ﻓﻠﻔﻠﯽ اﺛﺮ ﮐﺎﻫﻨﺪه و ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار داﺷﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎ اﮔﺮﭼﻪ اﺛﺮ اﺻﻠﯽ ﻧﻮع ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﮐﻮدي از ﻟﺤﺎظ آﻣﺎري ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار ﻧﮕﺮدﯾﺪ، اﻣﺎ ﻣﺼﺮف ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺳﯿﻠﯿﮑﻮن و ﺳﻠﻨﯿﻮم )در اﻧﺪازه ﻧﺎﻧﻮ(، ﻣﻮﺟﺐ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ 2/2 ،11/6 ،5/7 و 6 درﺻﺪي وزن ﺗﺮ و ﺧﺸﮏ رﯾﺸﻪ، ﻗﻄﺮ ﮔﯿﺎه و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن اﯾﻦ دو ﻋﻨﺼﺮ در ﺗﺨﻔﯿﻒ اﺛﺮ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري ﺑﻮد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ اﺛﺮات اﺻﻠﯽ ﺷﻮري و ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﮐﻮدي ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﻃﻮل و ﻋﺮض ﺑﺮگ، وزن ﺗﺮ و ﺧﺸﮏ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻓﺮﻋﯽ، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﺮگ وﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮگ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﻮد ﺑﻄﻮرﯾﮑﻪ ﺷﻮري ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎ را ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 13/2 ،18/2، 24/2، 39/1 ،28/5 ،15/5 و 19 درﺻﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ داد. در ﻫﻤﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎ، ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺳﯿﻠﯿﮑﻮن و ﺳﻠﻨﯿﻮم در اﻧﺪازه ﻧﺎﻧﻮ، ﻫﻤﻮاره اﺛﺮﮔﺬاري ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازه ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ اﯾﻦ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ داﺷﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ راﻫﮑﺎر ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد.

Irrigation water salinity is one of the growing problems in the path of agricultural and horticultural production that researchers must determine different solutions to this problem and provide it to farmers. In this regard, silicon and selenium due to their positive role, both structurally and as cofactors of enzymes related to the metabolism of various antioxidants can play an effective role in increasing plant tolerance to salinity stress. For this purpose, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design including four salinity levels and three fertilizer sources of silicon and selenium compounds in normal and nano size in Shirvan Faculty of Agriculture, Bojnourd University. Statistical analysis showed that the main effect of salinity stress, as expected, had a significant reducing effects on all studied traits (except essential oil). In these variables, although the main effect of fertilizer type was not statistically significant, but at different levels of silicon and selenium consumption, an increasing trend of these variables was observed, indicating the positive effect of simultaneous use of these two elements in reducing the effect of salinity. Also the main effects of salinity and fertilizer sources on leaf length and width factors, fresh and dry weight of stem, number of sub-branches, number of leaves and leaf area index were significant. In all these indicators, the application of silicon and selenium elements in nano size has always been more effective than the normal size of these elements, which should be considered as a management strategy in salinity stress conditions.