بازنگري در وضعيت دو گونه از جنس تمشكJuz. Rubus dolichocarpus وR. ochthodes Juz. در ايران

A revision of the two Rubus species, R. dolichocarpus Juz. and R. ochthodes Juz. in Iran

ﺟﻨﺲ Rubus L. ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﯿﺮهRosaceae )ﮔﻞ ﺳﺮخ ( ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .اﯾﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﯿﺶ از 750 ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در ﺟﻬﺎن اﺳﺖ. ﺑﯿﻦ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ.R. dolichocarpus Juz و.R. ochthodes Juz ﺗﺸﺎﺑﻪ رﯾﺨﺘﯽ در ﺻﻔﺎﺗﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﺮﮔﭽﻪ ﻫﺎ، ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﻮﺷﻮارك ﻫﺎ و رﻧﮓ و ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﻠﺒﺮگ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ اﯾﻦ دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﺰدﯾﮏ ﺑﻬﻢ را ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺳﺎزد. ﮔﻮﻧﻪR. dolichocarpus در ﻓﻠﻮر اﯾﺮان، ﻣﺘﺮادف ﺑﺎ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ R. ochthodes اﻋﻼم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ، در ﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در ﻓﻠﻮر اﯾﺮاﻧﯿﮑﺎ، ﻓﻠﻮر روﺳﯿﻪ و ﻓﻠﻮر اﯾﺮان ﺑﻌﻨﻮان دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺠﺰا در ﯾﮏ زﯾﺮﺟﻨﺲ و دو ﺑﺨﺸﻪ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﻗﺮار دارﻧﺪ. ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ رواﺑﻂ ﺗﺎﮐﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﯿﮑﯽ اﯾﻦ دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت رﯾﺨﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از اﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺗﯽ در ﺻﻔﺎت رﯾﺨﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ و ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﺎر ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﯾﮑﺴﺎﻟﻪ، ﺷﮑﻞ ﺑﺮﮔﭽﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ در ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﮔﻞ دﻫﻨﺪه، ﺷﮑﻞ ﺣﺎﺷﯿﻪ ﺑﺮﮔﭽﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﮔﻞ در ﮔﻞ آذﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﻃﺒﻖ داده ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﻟﮑﻮﻟﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻪ اي ITS اﯾﻦ دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ داراي 36 ﻧﻮﮐﻠﺌﻮﺗﯿﺪ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت از ﻫﻢ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻮﺋﺪ ﺟﺪا ﺑﻮدن اﯾﻦ دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از ﻫﻢ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻟﺬا ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ و ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻗﺒﻠﯽ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ R. dolichocarpus و .R. ochthodes ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻓﻠﻮر اﯾﺮاﻧﯿﮑﺎ، ﻓﻠﻮر روﺳﯿﻪ و ﻓﻠﻮر اﯾﺮان ﺑﺼﻮرت دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺠﺰا از ﻫﻢ ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ.

The genus Rubus L. belongs to the genus Rosaceae. This genus includes more than 750 species in the world. Among some species of this genus such as R. dolichocarpus Juz. an‎d R. ochthodes Juz. Morphological similarity is observed in traits such as the number of leaflets, the shape of the earrings and the color and shape of the petals, which makes it difficult to identify these two closely related species. The species R. dolichocarpus in the flora of Iran is declared synonymous with the species R. ochthodes, while these two species in the flora of Iranica, the flora of Russia and the flora of Iran are two separate species in one subgenus and two different segments. For this purpose, in this study, the taxonomic relationships of these two species based on morphological characteristics were investigated. The results indicate differences in morphological traits such as the shape and condition of the annual stem, the shape of lateral leaflets in the flowering stem, the shape of the leaflets. an‎d the density of flowers in the inflorescence. Also, according to molecular data using the ITS nuclear marker, these two species have 36 different nucleotides, which confirms the separation of the two species. Therefore, according to the results obtained in this study and comparison with previous studies, it is suggested that two species of R. dolichocarpus and R. ochthodes. According to the flora of Iranica, the flora of Russia and the flora of Iran should be defined as two separate species.