شمارش كروموزومي در گونه Carduus pycnocephalus L. در غرب ايران

Chromosomal number of Carduus pycnocephalus L. in the west of Iran

ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻨﺲ .Carduus L از ﺗﯿﺮه ﮐﺎﺳﻨﯽ )Asteraceae Bercht. and J. Pres( ﺑﺎ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﮐﻠﻨﯽ ﻫﺎي ﻓﺸﺮده ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﻮﻣﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ و ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﻮﻣﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﻮر، ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ و رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ رﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ. در اﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آوردن اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ در ﻣﻮرد اﯾﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﻢ، ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﻤﺎرش ﮐﺮوﻣﻮزوﻣﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ Carduus pycnocephalus L. در ﻏﺮب اﯾﺮان )اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي ﮐﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه و ﻫﻤﺪان( در 14 زﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺷﻤﺎرش ﮐﺮوﻣﻮزوﻣﯽ در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻣﺘﺎﻓﺎز از ﻣﺮﯾﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎي ﻧﻮك رﯾﺸﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زدن ﺑﺬرﻫﺎ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد squash اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻋﺪد ﮐﺮوﻣﻮزوﻣﯽ دﯾﭙﻠﻮﯾﯿﺪ در اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در 14 ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺘﯽ ﮐﻪ در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪ، 34 اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻋﺪد ﮐﺮوﻣﻮزوﻣﯽ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﺷﺪه در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﭘﯿﺸﯿﻦ، ﺗﺎﮐﺴﻮنﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ زﯾﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪC. pycnocephalus subsp. arabicus (Jacq. ex Murray) Nyman ﺗﻌﻠﻖ دار ﻧﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، ﺷﻤﺎرش ﻋﺪد ﮐﺮوﻣﻮزوﻣﯽ دﯾﭙﻠﻮﺋﯿﺪ درﺗﺎﮐﺴﻮنﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻓﻮق ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ارزش ﺗﺎﮐﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﯽ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

Carduus L. species (belong to Asteraceae Bercht. and J. Pres) replace endemic plant species by forming dense colonies and can compete with native vegetation for light, nutrition, and moisture. In order to obtain more information about this invasive genus, the chromosomal number of Carduus pycnocephalus L. were investigated from Hamedan and Kermanshah provinces in the west of Iran. 14 special stations were selected of some parts of these provinces. Chromosomal counting was done in the metaphase stage of the root meristems by seed germination and by using the standard squash method. Results showed that chromosomal number in these studied taxa was 2n=2x=34 in 14 populations gathered in this research. By comparing the chromosome number found in this study with previous research, this chromosome number is belonging to C. pycnocephalus subsp. arabicus (Jacq. ex Murray) Nyman. Therefore, the diploid chromosome number in the taxa of this species can be taxonomical value.