بررسي پايداري فيتوشيميايي bachtiarica Satureja بعد از حفاظت فراسرد با استفاده از پروتكل كاهش رطوبت

Phytochemical stability of Satureja bachtiarica after cryopreservation by Desiccation

در ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ در ﮐﺸﻮر ﻣﺎ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ زﯾﺎدي ﺑﻪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. از آﻧﺠﺎ ﮐﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮔﯿﺎه ﻣﺮزه ﺑﺮ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﺑﯽ روﯾﻪ از ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ اﻧﺴﺎن، ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎي زﻧﺪه و ﻏﯿﺮزﻧﺪه ﺗﻬﺪﯾﺪ ﺷﺪه و ﮐﺸﺖ ﮐﺎر ﭘﯽ درﭘﯽ ﯾﮏ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻨﻮع ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدد، ﺣﻔﻆ ذﺧﺎﯾﺮ ژﻧﺘﯿﮏ اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ از اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار اﺳﺖ. ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ ﻫﺎي ذﺧﯿﺮه ﺳﺎزي ﺑﺬر در دﻣﺎي ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ )196- درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ ﮔﺮاد( ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﮐﻪ ﯾﮑﯽ از راه ﻫﺎي ﺣﻔﻆ ژرم ﭘﻼﺳﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ و ﺑﺪون از دﺳﺖ دادن ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ زﻧﺪه ﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﻔﯿﺪ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات در ﻣﺤﺘﻮي اﺳﺎﻧﺲ ﮔﯿﺎه ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﮕﺮدد. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري ﻓﯿﺘﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ و ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻧﻮع و ﻣﻘﺪار ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪه ﮔﯿﺎهSatureja bachtiarica، ﺑﺬرﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت 1 ﻫﻔﺘﻪ در ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﻣﺎﯾﻊ در دﻣﺎي 196- درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﮔﺮاد ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﭼﻪ ﺑﺬور ﮐﺸﺖ ﺷﺪه در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ درون ﺷﯿﺸﻪ اي ﺟﻤﻊ آوري و در آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎه ﺧﺸﮏ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. اﺳﺎﻧﺲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ روش ﺗﻘﻄﯿﺮ ﺑﺎ آب ﺟﺪا ﺷﺪه و ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از GC و GC-MS ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ 12 ﻋﻨﺼﺮ در اﺳﺎﻧﺲ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺷﺪه در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻓﺮاﺳﺮد ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و ﺗﻔﺎوﺗﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ اﺳﺎﻧﺲﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﺷﺪه از ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺑﺬور ﺷﺎﻫﺪ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻓﺮاﺳﺮد از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺗﻌﺪاد، ﻧﻮع و درﺻﺪ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت ﻣﻮﺟﻮد وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪارد. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺧﻄﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻓﺮاﺳﺮد ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﯾﮏ دوره ﻃﻮﻻﻧﯽ ﻣﺪت ﺣﻔﻆ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ.

In recent years, our country has drawn an increasing amount of attention to medicinal plants. Because different plant species Savory inappropriate harvesting of natural areas by humans, and the growing threat of biotic and abiotic stresses following the work resulted in reduced genetic diversity of a species is, a species of genetically keep reserves Curb upper's. Seed storage techniques at very low temperature (-196 °C) using liquid nitrogen is one way of maintaining germplasm with much less cost and without loss of viability on storage and it is useful when it does not lead to changes in the chemical composition of essential oil in the desired plant. In order to investigate the phytochemical stability and compare the type and amount of identified compositions, the treated seeds were transferred to the liquid nitrogen at –196°C for 1 week as compared to the control. The aerial tissues of in vitro-grown plants were collected and dried in the laboratory. The essential oil was isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by a combination of capillary GC and GC-MS. Twelve compounds were recognized in the essential oil of mentioned plant in the cryopreservation. Results indicated that regarding the number, type and percentage of compounds existing in the essential oils, there was no difference between the control and cryopreservation treatment so by using the cryopreservation technique, the seeds of this valuable endangered species can be preserved for a long period.