تبار‌زايي مولكولي سرده Linaria (بارهنگيان) بر مبناي توالي‌هاي هسته‌اي ريبوزومي (ITS)

Molecular phylogeny of Linaria (Plantaginaceae) based on nuclear ribosomal (ITS) sequences

ﺳﺮده Linaria ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪود 150 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺳﺮده ﻃﺎﯾﻔﻪ Antirrhineae اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﺳﺮده ﺑﻪ وﺿﻮح ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﺎي اﺳﺎﺳﯽ در ﻣﺴﯿﺮ رده ﺑﻨﺪي ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ دارد و ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﺟﺪي ﺗﺮ و ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺮ ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ رﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﻼش ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻞ ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده داﻧﺶ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﻮﻟﮑﻮﻟﯽ اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺗﺒﺎر زاﯾﺸﯽ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧﯽ از ﺳﺮده Linaria ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﺗﻮاﻟﯽ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺴﺘﻪ اي رﯾﺒﻮزوﻣﯽ )ITS( ار اﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. از ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺑﯿﺸﯿﻨﻪ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺟﻮﯾﯽ و اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎط ﺑﯿﺰي، درﺧﺖ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒًﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻫﻤﺨﻮاﻧﯽ دارﻧﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺎ، ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ Linaria-Nuttallanthus ﺗﮏ ﺗﺒﺎر اﺳﺖ و از ﻫﻔﺖ ﺑﺨﺸﻪ Diffusae ،Supinae ،Versicolores ،Macrocentrum ،Lectoplectron ،Pelisserianae و Linaria ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺨﺸﻪ Linaria ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ و ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺨﺸﻪ Speciosae و ﺗﻌﺪادي از اﻋﻀﺎي ﺑﺨﺸﻪ Diffusae را در ﺑﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻻزم اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﺟﺪﯾﺪي ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺨﺸﻪ Diffusae ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺪود ﮐﺮدن آن، ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﯾﮏ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ داﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺪون ﺑﺎل ﮐﻪ ﺳﻠﻮل ﻫﺎي ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ داﻧﻪ آن ﻫﺎ دﯾﻮاره ﻋﻤﻮدي اﻧﺪﮐﯽ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ ﺗﺎ ﻓﺮو رﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ دﯾﻮاره اﻓﻘﯽ ﻣﺤﺪب دارﻧﺪ و در ﺳﻄﺢ زﮔﯿﻞ دار ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﮔﺮدد.

Linaria Mill.with 150 spp. constitutes the largest genus of the tribe Antirrhineae. This genus clearly has the main challenges in the normal classification and so needs to more serious and complete research. The goal of this research is trying to solve existing problem using molecular systematic tool. In this research, a phylogenetic analysis of representatives from Linaria has been presented based on nuclear ribosomal (ITS) sequences. From Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian analyses nearly congruent trees are produced. Our results indicate that Linaria-Nuttallanthus is monophyletic group and comprising of seven sections of Pelisserianae, Lectoplectron, Macrocentrum, Versicolores, Supinae, Diffusae and Linaria. Linaria is expanded to include sect. Speciosae and some members of sect. Diffusae. It is necessary to propose a new concept for sect. Diffusae by restricting it only to those annual species with wingless seeds that are covered by testa cells with slightly elevated to sunken anticlinal walls plus convex periclinal walls papillate on surface.