مسئوليت دولت اسلامي در مقابله با معاملات صوري و راهكارهاي آن

The responsibility of the Islamic State in dealing with fake transactions and its solutions

وسيله پرداخت در قراردادهاي هوشمند، رمزارز است. تغيير در ارزش اين ابزار پرداخت، مي‌تواند شرايط معاملات را شديداً متأثر نمايد. اين مهم مي‌تواند به ايجاد شرايط سخت و طاقت‌فرسا براي طرفين قرارداد منتهي گردد. اين پژوهش به روش تحليلي- توصيفي در جهت پاسخ‌دهي به اين سؤال انجام‌شده كه وضعيت تعهدات در چنين وضعيتي براي طرفين قرارداد هوشمند به چه صورت است؟ باتوجه به تفسير موسع از شرايط فورس ماژور مي‌توان وضعيت مذكور را به آن تعميم داد. هرچند كه قانون‌گذار به سبب بداعت موضوع در مورد آن صراحت لازم را ندارد، اما باتوجه به بيانات فقها در خصوص اسباب سقوط تعهدات، به‌خصوص در بحث اقاله، مي‌توان چنين وضعيتي را محرز دانست. به‌خصوص آنكه شرايط عسر و حرج نيز در اين مورد صادق است. عرف عمومي نيز جايگاهي ويژه داشته و نمي‌توان به سبب ورود چنين مبحثي جديد، موجبات زيان هنگفت به شهروندان را فراهم دانست. مبدل شدن قرارداد هوشمند به سنتي مي‌تواند راهكار فقهي-حقوقي در اين مورد تلقي شود.

With the introduction of cryptocurrency into the world of economy, smart contracts were formed based on it and are now partially popular. Experts in this field believe that in case of widespread use of this type of contracts, the possibility of formal transactions will disappear. Despite conducting numerous researches on smart transactions, the discussion of virtual transactions has not been investigated in this field, and this research, using an analytical-descriptive method, is for the first time trying to investigate the responsibility of the Islamic government in this regard. It seems that due to the negative effects of formal transactions in the society, if a special mechanism can eliminate these transactions, the Islamic government is responsible for making them mandatory. According to jurisprudential interpretations, providing social and economic security is the government's duty, which is an example of the mandatory smart contract with the aim of eliminating formal transactions. From a legal point of view, the executive and judicial authorities can send a bill to the Islamic Council regarding the mandatory use of smart contracts in order to provide legal protection and also to prevent the occurrence of crimes. Monopoly in the smart type of contracts is contrary to Islamic Sharia and its partial acceptance is possible like electronic transactions. If the related law is not approved, the executive bodies in charge of certain affairs can use their authority to make these contracts mandatory. The final result is that with the relatively mandatory smart contract and the popularization of cryptocurrency, it is possible to eliminate formal transactions and this action is considered to improve economic security.