پديد آورندگان :
رضايي، اريان دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد ساري - گروه معماري، ساري، ايران , غفوري، مهدي دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد ساري - گروه معماري، ساري، ايران , ذبيحي، حسين واﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻮم و ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت - ﮔﺮوه ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺎزي، ﺗﻬﺮان، اﻳﺮان
كليدواژه :
اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎي رﻓﺘﺎري ﺳﺎﻛﻨﻴﻦ , ﻓﻀﺎي زﻳﺴﺖ ﺷﻬﺮي , اﻣﻨﻴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻲ , روﻳﻜﺮد CPTED
چكيده فارسي :
ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﭘﺎﻳﺪار و ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪه اي ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ اﮔﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﻌﺎدل آن ﻫﺎ، ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ اﻣﻨﻴﺖ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻧﺸﻮد، روﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﺑﻮدي ﻣﻲ روﻧﺪ. ﻳﻜﻲ از ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ روﻳﻜﺮدﻫﺎ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺤﺮان اﻣﻨﻴﺖ ﺷﻬﺮي ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﻞ ﺟﺪﻳـﺪ ﭘﻴﺸـﮕﻴﺮي از ﺟـﺮم از ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ اﺳﺖ. از اﻳﻦ رو ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ اﻟﮕﻮي رﻓﺘﺎري ﺳﺎﻛﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮ اﻣﻨﻴﺖ و ﺳﻨﺠﺶ راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻛﺎﻟﺒﺪي و رﻓﺘﺎر ﺳﺎﻛﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ روﻳﻜﺮدCPTED ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ رﻓﺘﻦ اﻣﻨﻴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد؛ ﺿﺮوري ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣـﻲ رﺳـﺪ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ آﻣﻴﺰﺑﻮدن CPTED در دﻧﻴﺎ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻫﺪف ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺑﺎ اراﺋﻪ ﻣﺪل ﺑﻪ اﻓـﻖ ﻫـﺎﻳﻲ در ارﺗﻘـﺎ ﻣﻔﻬـﻮم CPTED دﺳـﺖ ﻳﺎﻓـﺖ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻓﺮﺿﻴﻪ ﻫﺎ درﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻛﺎﻟﺒﺪي و وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي رﻓﺘﺎري ﺳﺎﻛﻨﻴﻦ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ راﺑﻄﻪ وﺟـﻮد دارد، ﺑﺎ ﺗﺒﻴﻴﻦ اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ اﻣﻦ در ﺷﻬﺮ ﺳﺎري آن را ﺑﺎ ﺷﺎﺧﺼﻪ ﻫﺎي CPTED ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ داد و ﺑـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﻛـﺎرﮔﻴﺮي وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي رﻓﺘﺎري و ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﺷﻬﺮ ﺳﺎري ﺑﻪ اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﻟﺒﺪي ﻓﻀﺎي ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ اﻣﻦ دﺳﺖ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿـﺮ از ﻧﻈـﺮ روش ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ در دﺳﺘﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت آﻣﻴﺨﺘﻪ ﺑﻮده، در آﻏﺎز ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ از ﻳﻚ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺑﺮداري ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺸﻒ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻧﻈﺮي ﻫﺮ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه، ﺳﭙﺲ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي CPTED ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﻓﺮﺿﻴﻪ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. از روش ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ اﺳﻨﺎدي و ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي ﺑﺎ روﻳﻜﺮد ﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮي ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﻨﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ، ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻗﺒﺎ ﺑﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻛﺎﻟﺒﺪي و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻣﺤﻠﻪ ﻃﺒﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺳﺎري از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ و ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻣﻴﺪاﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ داده ﻫﺎي ﻛﻴﻔﻲ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺑﺎ SPSS3 درﺟﻪ اﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻫﺮ ﻣﻌﻴﺎر ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﺪ، از ﻣﺪل ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻲ، آﻣﺎر ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ در ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﻳـﺎ رد GOF، آﻣـﺎر اﺳـﺘﻨﺒﺎﻃﻲ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻌﻴﺎر ﻓﺮﺿﻴﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ و آزﻣﻮن ﻛﻮﻟﻤﻮﮔﺮوف-اﺳﻤﺮﻳﻨﻮف و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ 384 ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ در ﺳﺎل99 اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺮدﻳـﺪ ، ﻃﺒـﻖ ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺪل ﺣﺎﺿﺮ GOF ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ 0/64 ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن از ﺑﺮازش ﻗﻮي ﻣـﺪل دارد، ﻛﻠﻴـﻪ ﻓﺮﺿـﻴﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﻴـﻖ ﺗﺎﻳﻴـﺪ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪه و در ﺧﺎﺗﻤﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اراﺋﻪ ﻣﺪل ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﻲ CPTED از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬار ﺑﺮ اﻣﻨﻴﺖ ﻓﻀـﺎﻫﺎي ﻣﺴـﻜﻮﻧﻲ اراﺋـﻪ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ.
چكيده لاتين :
It's obvious that crime is a general society concern. There are two main logic in crime investigations. The first set of research is based on physical characteristics such as different kinds of land use. This approach is derived from Jin Jacobs and then improved by using CPTED(Crime Prevention Through environmental design) and its strategies which previously had been discussed by Oskar Neman via protect's spaces. Second set of studies are related to quarters inhabitants' social characteristics, such as neighborhood, taking responsibilities, have a feeling of belongings to a place, social capital, cultural patterns and other variables that have been among a wide range of focused social factors in this research. Many fields of studies by considering some concepts, compare summary of netted problems. Historically, safety is perceived as an important factor in social life of every society. We can state that, city expansion and safety are two linked compartments that are followed by city sustainability, in a manner that the absence of one would cause some problems for the others and might bring obstacles for it. During recent decades, Civil researchers became vigilant about the role of architecture and city construction via making decisions and policies to create a desirable place and found some defensible theories of preventing crime by crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) and environmental crime identification. Evidences shows that researches about the linkage between environment and behavior are very rampant. Nevertheless, hypothesis and processes of CPTED have been poorly tested. Sari city, reaches Mazandaran Sea from north and it reaches Alborz range of mountain from south, according to 2016 census, it's population was 347,402 people and the rate of population growth till 2026 is equal to 1.9 %. In this study, by various inhabitants' behavioral variables such as place ownership and realm protection, the sense of crowd and lack of control on environment, and anatomical variables with subsets such as place ownership, defensive privacy according to CPTED subsystems, by explicating safe habitable places in Sari city we try to figure out how can we adjust them to CPTED characteristics?
Cities are sustainable and Complicated economic and social systems that deteriorate if their imbalances, such as security, are not controlled. It seems essential to examine the effect of behavioral patterns of residents (isolation, affinity, tolerance and anonymity) on security as well as the relationship between physical environment features and behavioral characteristics of residents based on CPTED approach in favor of environmental security. One of the newest approaches to urban security is Crime prevention Through Environmental Design(CPTED). It seems essential to examine the effect of behavioral patterns of residents on security as well as the relationship between physical environment features and behavioral characteristics of residents based on CPTED approach in favor of environmental security.
Given the success of the CPTED model in different parts of the world, it is hoped that according to the hypotheses, by explaining the patterns of safe residential environments in the city, it can be adapted to CPTED characteristics and the relationship between physical environment characteristics and behavioral characteristics of residents in residential spaces. The present study, which is a descriptive and exploratory research methodology with a quantitative research approach, evaluates the components of CPTED under the hypothesis that in the course of the research, documentary and library methodology was first used to systematically review the relevant resources to identify the main CPTED criteria. Physical and social cognition of Tabarestan neighborhood through the distribution of a questionnaire extracted from the components of residents' behavioral patterns and characteristics of the physical environment, purposefully and the analysis of qualitative data, the degree of importance of each criterion was evaluated to aim to examine the relationship between physical environment and residents' behavior Determinants in designing a safe urban environment and using descriptive statistics in GOF certification, using factor analysis model, using inferential statistics through the criterion of research hypotheses and using Kolmogorov-Smrinov test using analysis of 384 questionnaires in the present model of G-years for 98 and 99 It was calculated that it shows a strong overall fit of the model, all research hypotheses are confirmed and conclude the presentation of the CPTED conceptual model with challenges in generations of this concept.
