نقش و جايگاه فابل در آموزش كودكان 6 تا 12 سال (با نگاهي به فارسي خوانداري سوم وچهارم ابتدايي)

The role and place of Fabel in teaching children aged 6 to 12 years (Looking at Farsi reading textbooks 3rd and 4th grade)

ﭘﺮورش ذﻫﻦ و ﻓﮑﺮ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن و ﮐﻤﮏ در ﺟﻬﺖ اﯾﺠﺎد ﺗﺤﻮل ﻓﮑﺮي و ﻣﻌﻨﻮي در ذﻫﻦ و ﺑﺎورﻫﺎي آﻧﺎن، ﻣﻮﺟﺒﺎت ﺗﺤﻮل و ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺪﮔﯽ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﯽﺳﺎزد. ﺗﻌﺎﻟﯿﻢ اﺧﻼﻗﯽ و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ اﮔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮه ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ، در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ داﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﺮاي ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﺑﯿﺎن ﺷﻮﻧﺪ، ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. داﺳﺘﺎن ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت، ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﻧﻮع داﺳﺘﺎن ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻤﯽ و ﺗﻤﺜﯿﻠﯽ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﯽ در ﺟﺬب ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮع داﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎ و اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ اﺧﻼﻗﯽ و ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻤﯽ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار ﺑﻮده و ﺗﺎزﮔﯽ و ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽ ﺧﺎﺻﯽ ﺑﻪ اﺛﺮ ﻣﯽﺑﺨﺸﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ دﻟﯿﻞ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﺪه ﻓﺎﺑﻞﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻬﯿﻪي ﮐﺘﺎبﻫﺎي آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن و ﻧﻮﺟﻮاﻧﺎن ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ و در ﮐﺘﺎبﻫﺎي درﺳﯽ اﺑﺘﺪاﯾﯽ راه ﺑﯿﺎﯾﻨﺪ. ﻫﺪف از ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﻘﺶ و ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﻓﺎﺑﻞ ﮐﺘﺎبﻫﺎي ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ ﺧﻮاﻧﺪاري، ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﺳﻨﯽ و رﺷﺪي داﻧﺶآﻣﻮزان ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ، از ﻧﻮع ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﮐﯿﻔﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آن دو ﮐﺘﺎب ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ ﺧﻮاﻧﺪاري ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺳﻮم و ﭼﻬﺎرم اﺑﺘﺪاﯾﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮐﻞ ﻓﺎﺑﻞﻫﺎي ﮐﺘﺎب ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ ﺧﻮاﻧﺪاري ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺳﻮم و ﭼﻬﺎرم اﺑﺘﺪاﯾﯽ، ﮐﻪ ﺷﺶ ﻓﺎﺑﻞ از ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺳﻮم و ﻫﺸﺖ ﻓﺎﺑﻞ از ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﭼﻬﺎرم را در ﺑﺮﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ از ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ اﺑﺘﺪا ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﭽﻪ ﻓﺎﺑﻞ، ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ و وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي آن ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮد و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ و ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﮐﻞ ﻓﺎﺑﻞﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در آﻣﻮزش ﻣﯽﭘﺮدازﯾﻢ. ﻓﺎﺑﻞﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در اﯾﻦ دو ﮐﺘﺎب ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎً ﺑﺎ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي رﺷﺪي و ﺳﻨﯽ داﻧﺶآﻣﻮزان اﯾﻦ دو ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ داﺷﺘﻪ اﻣﺎ ﻣﯿﺰان ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد آنﻫﺎ، ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬاري آنﻫﺎ در آﻣﻮزش ﮐﻢ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

Breeding the minds of children, and helping to create intellectual and spiritual transformation in their minds and beliefs, it’s provides for the transformation of society. Ethical and social teachings are very influential if they are expressed in an indirect way in the form of a story for children. Animal story is known as a kind of pedigree and allegorical story. Animal characters are very influential in attracting children to these kinds of stories and transferring moral and educational concepts, and they have a new effect and a certain ability. For this reason, Fables has been instrumental in providing children and adolescent education books and getting in to primary textbooks. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role and place of the Persian-reading book fables, with respect to age and development characteristics. This article is of a qualitative content analysis type. The research community is the reading Farsi books 3dr and 4rd grade and the sample are entire fables of the Farsi book of reading, the third and fourth bases, which consist of six fables from the third base and eight fables from the forth base. Also, the research method has a good reliability. In this article, the history of fable, it’s definition and it’s features are discussed first, then the role and place of the whole fables in education are discussed. The fables of this two books correspond almost to the growth and age characteristics of the students of these two bases, but their application rate is low compared to their impact on training