اقتدار طلبي معلمان به عنوان آفت تفكر در دانش آموزان: يك مطالعه قوم نگارانه

Teacher Autonomy as a Pest of Thinking in Students: An Ethnic Study

در ﺳﯿﺮه اﻣﺎﻣﺎن ﻣﻌﺼﻮم و ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه اﻣـﺎم رﺿـﺎ ﺗﺎﮐﯿـﺪ زﯾـﺎدي ﺑـﺮ ﺗﻔﮑـﺮ ﺷـﺪه اﺳـﺖ و آﻣـﻮزش و ﭘــﺮورش از ﺳــﻨﯿﻦ ﮐــﻮدﮐﯽ ﻧﻘــﺶ ﻣــﻮﺛﺮي در اﯾــﻦ زﻣﯿﻨــﻪ دارد؛ از اﯾــﻦ رو ﻫــﺪف از اﯾــﻦ ﭘــﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮرﺳــﯽ ﻋﻮاﻣــﻞ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮﮔــﺬار در ﻓﮑــﻮر ﮐــﺮدن داﻧــﺶ اﻣــﻮزان در ﮐــﻼس درس اﺳــﺖ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮد ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و ﺑـﺎ روش ﻗـﻮم ﻧﮕـﺎري اﻧﺠـﺎم ﺷـﺪ . ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﻣـﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ داﻧـﺶ آﻣﻮزان ﭘﺎﯾﻪ اول ﯾﮑﯽ از دﺑﺴـﺘﺎن ﻫـﺎي دﺧﺘﺮاﻧـﻪ واﻗـﻊ در ﺷـﻬﺮ ﻣﺸـﻬﺪ ﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪ ﮐـﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸـﮕﺮ ﺑــﻪ ﻣــﺪت 3 ﻣــﺎه در ﯾﮑــﯽ از ﮐــﻼس ﻫــﺎي درس آﻧﺠــﺎ ﺣﻀــﻮر داﺷــﺖ و ﺑــﻪ ﻣﺸــﺎﻫﺪه اﺗﻔﺎﻗــﺎت ﮐﻼﺳــﯽ و رﻓﺘــﺎر ﻫــﺎي داﻧــﺶ آﻣــﻮزان آن ﭘﺮداﺧــﺖ . ﯾﺎﻓﺘــﻪ ﻫــﺎي ﺑــﻪ دﺳــﺖ آﻣــﺪه ﭘــﺲ از ﮐﺪﮔﺬاري ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮه اﺳﺘﻘﺮاﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﮑﻞ ﮔﯿـﺮي ﻣﻘﻮﻟـﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﻣـﻮﺛﺮ در ﻋـﺪم ﺗﻔﮑـﺮ داﻧـﺶ آﻣـﻮزان ﺷـﺪ . اﯾـﻦ ﻣﻘﻮﻟــﻪ ﻫـﺎ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨـﺪ از : اﻗﺘــﺪار ﻃﻠﺒـﯽ ﻣﻌﻠـﻢ، اﻋﺘﻤﺎدﺑــﻪ ﻧﻔـﺲ و ﻋـﺰت ﻧﻔــﺲ ﭘــﺎﯾﯿﻦ داﻧــﺶ اﻣــﻮزان، ﻋــﺪم ﻫﻤﮑــﺎري داﻧــﺶ اﻣــﻮزان در ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿــﺖ ﻫــﺎي اﻣﻮزﺷــﯽ، ﻋــﺪم اﺧﺘﺼﺎص دادن زﻣﺎن ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺑـﺮاي ﺗﻔﮑـﺮ، ﺑـﯽ ﺣﻮﺻـﻠﮕﯽ داﻧـﺶ آﻣـﻮزان، ﺗـﺮس داﻧـﺶ آﻣـﻮزان از ﺗﻔﮑﺮ ﮐﺮدن، ﺗﮑﻠﯿﻒ دﻫـﯽ ﻣﻌﻠـﻢ، ارزﺷـﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﻌﻠـﻢ . ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ ﺑـﻪ دﺳـﺖ آﻣـﺪه ﺑﯿـﺎﻧﮕﺮ آن اﺳـﺖ ﮐــﻪ ﻣﻘﻮﻟــﻪ اﻗﺘــﺪار ﻃﻠﺒــﯽ ﻣﻌﻠﻤــﺎن ﻧﻘــﺶ ﻣﻬﻤــﯽ در ﺷــﮑﻞ ﮔﯿــﺮي ﺳــ ﺎﯾﺮ ﻣﻘــﻮﻻت دارد و ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ داﻧﺶ اﻣﻮزان ﻟﺰوم ﺗﻔﮑﺮ ﮐﺮدن را درﻧﯿﺎﻓﺘﻪ و ﺑﻪ آن ﻋﺎدت ﻧﮑﻨﻨﺪ.

In the era of innocent imams, and in particular Imam Reza, much emphasis has been placed on thinking and Education has an effective role in this field since childhood, Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the factors influencing the students in the classroom to be thinker.This research was carried out with qualitative approach and ethnographic method.The sample of study is the first grade students in one of the girls' primary schools located in Mashhad that The researcher spent three months attending one of the classrooms and observed the class events and student behaviors.Findings obtained after inductive encoding Led to the formation of effective categories in the student's lack of thinking.These categories include teacher authority, low self-confidence and low self-esteem of students, lack of cooperation of students in training activities,lack of adequate time to think,Students' frustration,Students fear of thinking,Teacher Assignment, Teacher Evaluation.The results indicate that teachers' authority is important in the formation of other categories and It causes students to not think about thinking and not to get used to it.