بررسي ومقايسه مولفه هاي اصلي آموزش محيط زيست در كتاب هاي درسي علوم تجربي دوره ي ابتدايي

Investigating and Comparing the Main Components of Environmental Education in Elementary School textbooks of sciences

اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﯽ آﻣﻮزش ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ در ﻣﺤﺘـﻮاي ﮐﺘﺐ درﺳﯽ ﻋﻠﻮم ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭼﻬﺎرم و ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ اﺑﺘﺪاﯾﯽ ﺻـﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓـ ﺖ ، ﺳـﭙﺲ ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺑﺎ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ – ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي اﺳـﺖ . ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮر ﺗﺠﺰﯾـﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ داده ﻫﺎ از روش آﻧﺘﺮوﭘﯽ ﺷﺎﻧﻮن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ .ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ي آﻣﺎري در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﮐـﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﮐﺘﺎب ﻫﺎي ﻋﻠﻮم ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯽ دو ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﭼﻬﺎرم و ﭘﻨﺠﻢ اﺑﺘﺪاﯾﯽ اﻋﻢ از ﻣﺘﻦ، ﺗﺼﺎوﯾﺮ، ﻓﮑـﺮ ﮐ ﻨﯿـﺪ، ﺟﻤﻊ آوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت و... ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻣﻮﻟﻔـﻪ ﻫـﺎ ي آب، ﻫـﻮا ، ﺧـﺎك ، ﮔﯿﺎﻫـﺎن و ﺟـﺎﻧﻮران آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي ﺻﻮﺗﯽ و ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ و اﻧﺮژي، ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﮐﺪ ﮔﺬاري ﻗـﺮار ﮔﺮﻓـﺖ . ﯾﺎﻓﺘـﻪ ﻫـﺎي اﯾـﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد، ﮐﺘﺎب ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﻨﺠﻢ در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﮐﺘـﺎب ﻋﻠـﻮم ﭼﻬـﺎرم ﺑـﻪ ﻧﺸـﺎﻧﮕﺮﻫﺎي زﯾﺴـﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﮐﻤﺘﺮي داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. در ﻫﺮ دو ﮐﺘﺎب ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ي ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن و ﺟﺎﻧﻮران ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ را ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ دﯾﮕﺮ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎ دارد و در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ي آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ و ﺻﻮت ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ درﺟﻪ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ را ﻧﺸﺎن داد.

The aim of this study was to investigate the level of attention to the main components of environmental education in the content of textbooks of experimental sciences in the fourth and fifth grades of primary school, then the results were compared with each other. The present study is descriptive-applied. The Shannon entropy method was used to analyze the data. The present study is descriptive-applied. The Shannon entropy method was used to analyze the data. The statistical population in this study was the total content of experimental science books in the fourth and fifth grades of elementary school, including text, images, think, data collection, etc., which are based on the components of water, air, soil, plants and animals. Noise, natural and energy pollution were investigated and coded. The findings of this study showed that the fifth science book paid less attention to environmental markers than the fourth science book. In both books, the component of plants and animals has the highest coefficient of importance compared to other components, and in contrast to the component of natural and noise pollution, it showed the lowest degree of importance.