تأملي در نقش عوامل سه‌گانه تقويت بر ابعاد تربيتي با الهام گرفتن از نظريه يادگيري اجتماعي و آموزه‌هاي ديني

The role of the three factors of reinforcement on the educational dimension inspired by the theory of social learning and religious teachings

اﺑﻌﺎد ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺘﯽ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ اي از اﻫﺪاف ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ آﻧﻬﺎ را دﻧﺒﺎل ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ. اﯾﻦ اﺑﻌﺎد ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ، ﺑﻌﺪ رﻓﺘﺎري و اﺧﻼﻗﯽ و ﺑﻌﺪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﻫﺮﮐﺪام از اﯾﻦ اﺑﻌﺎد ﻧﻘﺶ اﺻﻠﯽ در ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖ اﻧﺴﺎن ﺑﺎزي ﮐﺮده و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ در ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ اﻧﺴﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﯽروﻧﺪ. ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ﻫﺎي زﯾﺎدي وﺟﻮد دارﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺘﯽ ﮐﻤﮏ ﮐﺮده اﻧﺪ اﻣﺎ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ دو ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ و رﻓﺘﺎري، زﻣﯿﻨﻪ اي ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮي از روش ﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ و ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﯾﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ اراﺋﻪ اﻟﮕﻮ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻻزم را در ﻃﺮح واره ذﻫﻨﯽ ﻣﺘﺮﺑﯽ اﯾﺠﺎد ﮐﺮد و ﺑﻪ ﺗﺒﻊ آن رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﻇﺎﻫﺮي ﻣﻮردﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﯿﺰ اﯾﺠﺎد ﯾﺎ ﺣﺬف ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﺳﺆاﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل ﭘﺎﺳﺦ دادن ﺑﻪ آن اﺳﺖ، اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺳﻪ ﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ در ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ ﭼﯿﺴﺖ و ﭼﻪ راﺑﻄﻪاي ﻣﯿﺎن آن ﻫﺎ وﺟﻮد دارد؟ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ روش ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي ﮔﺮدآوري و ﺳﭙﺲ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ روش ﻫﺎي ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺘﯽ ﻧﺸﺌﺖ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ از اﯾﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ ﯾﺎ اﺻﻼح رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻣﻮرداﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي از وﻗﻮع رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﻮرداﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ. ﭘﺲ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﯾﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ، ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪي اﺻﻼﺣﯽ اﺳﺖ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪي ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮاﻧﻪ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

The educational dimension is a set of goals that the educational process pursues. These dimensions include the cognitive dimension, the behavioral and moral dimension, and the social dimension. Each of these dimensions plays a major role in the formation of human personality and is an important indicator in human education. Many theories have contributed to the educational process, but social cognitive theory, by combining both cognitive and behavioral factors, has provided the basis for the maximum use of cognitive and environmental methods. According to this theory, by providing a model, the necessary information can be created in the mental schema of the educator, and consequently, the desired apparent behaviors can be created or eliminated. The question that this article seeks to answer is what is the role of the three factors of social learning in education and what is the relationship between them? The findings of this study show that the educational methods derived from this theory are not only used to reinforce or correct existing behaviors but can also be used to prevent the occurrence of undesirable behaviors. According to this theory, education is not only a corrective process but also a preventive process.