بررسي اثربخشي پويانمايي آثار نقاشي كودكان پيش‌دبستاني بر خلاقيت آنان

Investigating the effectiveness of animation of preschool children's paintings on their creativity

از آن ﺟﺎ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ روانﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن ﺧﻼﻗﯿﺖ در ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي اول زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﮐﻮدك ﻇﻬﻮر ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ و در آﻏﺎز ﺑﺎ ﺗﺨﯿﻞ ﻫﻤﺮاه اﺳﺖ، ﺑﺪون ﺗﺮدﯾﺪ ﺗﺨﯿﻞ از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻠﯽ اﺳـﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﺗﻔﮑـﺮ ﺧـﻼق را ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﻣﯽﺳﺎزد؛ ﻟﺬا ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ آﻓﺮﯾﻨﺶﻫﺎي ذﻫﻨﯽ در دوره ﮐﻮدﮐﯽ، ﻓﻮق اﻟﻌﺎده ﺣﺎﺋﺰ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬاري ﭘﻮﯾﺎﻧﻤﺎﯾﯽ آﺛﺎر ﻧﻘﺎﺷﯽ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﺑﺮ ﺧﻼﻗﯿـﺖ آﻧﺎن اﺳﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﭘﯿﺶدﺑﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ دﺧﺘﺮ و ﭘﺴﺮ در ﻧﺎﺣﯿـﻪ ﻫﻔـﺖ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ از ﺑﯿﻦ آن ﻫﺎ 82ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿـﺮي در دﺳـﺘﺮس اﻧﺘﺨـﺎب ﺷـﺪﻧﺪ. روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﭙﯿﺶ آزﻣﻮن و ﭘﺲ آزﻣﻮن ﺑﻮد. اﺑﺰار ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﻘﺎﺷﯽﻫـﺎي ﺗﺮﺳـﯿﻢ ﺷـﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن، ﻋﺮوﺳﮏ و ﭘﻮﯾﺎﻧﻤﺎﯾﯽ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه از روي ﻫﻤﺎن ﻧﻘﺎﺷﯽﻫﺎ اﺳﺖ. دادهﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﻊ-آوري ﺷﺪه در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﻧﻤﺮات ﺧﻼﻗﯿـﺖ اﺳـﺘﻨﺒﺎط ﺷـﺪه از ﻧﻘﺎﺷـﯽﻫـﺎي ﮐﻮدﮐـﺎن در ﭘﯿﺶآزﻣﻮن و ﭘﺲآزﻣﻮن ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻧﻤﺮهﮔـﺬاري ﺳـﻪ ﻧﻔـﺮ از اﺳـﺎﺗﯿﺪ ﻣﺘﺨﺼـﺺ در ﺣـﻮزه ﺧﻼﻗﯿﺖ و ﺑﻪوﯾﮋه ﺧﻼﻗﯿﺖ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫـﺎ از روش ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴـﻪ ﺑﯿﻦﮔﺮوﻫﯽ ﭘﯿﺶآزﻣﻮن، ﭘﺲآزﻣﻮن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ و دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آزﻣﻮن ﺗﯽ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﻪ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻧﻤﺮات دو ﮔﺮوه دﺧﺘﺮ و ﭘﺴﺮ از ﺗﯽ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪدﺳﺖآﻣﺪه ﺣـﺎﮐﯽ از آن اﺳـﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﭘﻮﯾﺎﻧﻤـﺎﯾﯽ و ﺣﺮﮐـﺖ در اﯾﺠـﺎد اﻧﮕﯿـﺰه و ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﯿﻦ ﺧﻼﻗﯿــﺖ ﮐﻮدﮐــﺎن ﺗــﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﭼﺸــﻤﮕﯿﺮي دارد، و ﺗﻔــﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨــﯽداري ﺑــﯿﻦ ﻧﻤــﺮات ﭘﯿﺶآزﻣــﻮن و ﭘﺲآزﻣﻮن ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن دﺧﺘﺮ و ﭘﺴﺮ، وﺟﻮد دارد.

Since, according to most psychologists, creativity appears in the first years of a child's life and is initially associated with imagination, imagination is undoubtedly one of the most important factors that make creative thinking possible; Therefore, paying attention to the issue of mental creations in childhood is extremely important. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of animation of children's paintings on their creativity. The statistical population of this study is all preschool girls and boys in 7 district of Mashhad, from which 82 people were selected by convenience sampling. The experimental research method was pre-test and post-test. Research tools include children's drawings, dolls and animations made from the same drawings. The data collected in this study were the result of creativity scores inferred from children's drawings in pre-test and post-test, which were obtained by scoring three professors specializing in creativity, especially children's creativity. Data were analyzed using pre-test, post-test intergroup comparison method and data were analyzed using paired t-test. Independent t-test was also used to compare the scores of girls and boys. The results show that animation and movement have a significant effect on motivation as well as children's creativity, and there is a significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores of girls and boys.