اثربخشي قصه‌گويي بر ميزان هوش اخلاقي و گنجينه لغات دانش‌آموزان پايه دوم دبستان

The effectiveness of storytelling on the level of moral intelligence and vocabulary of second grade students

ﻗﺼﻪ و ﻗﺼﻪﮔﻮﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﺑﺸﺮ رﯾﺸﻪ دارد ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪاي ﮐـﻪ ﺑﺸـﺮ زﻧـﺪﮔﯽ ﺧـﻮد را در ﭼﻬﺎرﭼﻮب ﻗﺼﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ﮐﺸﯿﺪه اﺳﺖ و ﻗﺼﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﯿﺰ زﻧـﺪﮔﯽ ﺑﺸـﺮ را ﺷـﮑﻞ داده، دﮔﺮﮔـﻮن ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ و ﻣﺘﺤﻮل ﻧﻤﻮده اﻧﺪ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ از ﻧﻮع ﭘﯿﺶآزﻣﻮن- ﭘﺲآزﻣﻮن ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻗﺼﻪﮔﻮﯾﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻫﻮش اﺧﻼﻗﯽ و ﮔﻨﺠﯿﻨﻪ ﻟﻐﺎت داﻧﺶآﻣـﻮزان ﭘﺎﯾـﻪ دوم دﺑﺴﺘﺎن اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﻠﯿﻪ داﻧﺶآﻣﻮزان دﺧﺘﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ دوم دﺑﺴﺘﺎن ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ 2 ﺷـﻬﺮ ﺷﯿﺮاز در ﺳﺎل ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ 1399- 1400 ﺑﻮد. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ آﻣﺎري ﻣﺘﺸﮑﻞ از 52 ﻧﻔﺮ از اﯾﻦ داﻧﺶآﻣﻮزان ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﺧﻮﺷﻪاي ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺟﻬﺖ اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﻫﻮش اﺧﻼﻗﯽ از ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﻮش اﺧﻼﻗﯽ ﻋﻠﯽاﮐﺒﺮي دﻫﮑﺮدي، ﮔﻠﭙﺎﯾﮕﺎﻧﯽ و ﻣﺤﺘﺸﻤﯽ )1394( و ﺑﺮاي ﺳـﻨﺠﺶ ﮔﻨﺠﯿﻨﻪ ﻟﻐﺎت از ﻣﻘﯿﺎس ﺗﺠﺪﯾﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﺪه ﻫﻮﺷﯽ وﮐﺴـﻠﺮ ﮐﻮدﮐـﺎن اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده ﺷـﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠـﻪ آزﻣـﻮن ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮐﻮوارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮه ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻗﺼﻪﮔﻮﯾﯽ ﻫﻮش اﺧﻼﻗﯽ و ﮔﻨﺠﯿﻨـﻪ ﻟﻐـﺎت داﻧـﺶ-آﻣﻮزان را ارﺗﻘﺎء ﻣﯽﺑﺨﺸﺪ )P≤0/01(. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻫﻮش اﺧﻼﻗﯽ و ﮐﻼﻣﯽ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﭘﺮورش اﺳﺖ و ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روشﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ در ﺟﻬﺖ ارﺗﻘﺎء آن ﮐﻮﺷﯿﺪ.

Story and Storytelling is as old as human history in such a way that human beings have portrayed their lives within the framework of stories, and stories have shaped, transformed and changed human life. The present study was a pre-test-post-test with the control group that aimed to investigate the effect of storytelling on moral intelligence and vocabulary treasure of second grade elementary school students. The statistical population included all female students in the second grade of primary school in District 2 of Shiraz in the academic year 1399-1400. The statistical sample consisted of 52 students who were selected by random cluster sampling. The moral intelligence questionnaire of Ali Akbari Dehkordi, Golpayegani and Mohtashami (2015) was used to measure moral intelligence and the revised Wechsler children's intelligence scale was used to measure vocabulary. The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that storytelling promotes students' moral intelligence and vocabulary (P≤0.01). Therefore, it can be concluded that children's moral and verbal intelligence can be developed and can be tried to improve it by using appropriate methods.