شناخت و اولويت بندي عوامل آرامش بخش و امنيت در معماري سنتي و بيوفيليك فلات مركزي ايران (مورد شهر كاشان)

Recognition and prioritization of the factors of relaxation and security in the traditional and biophilic architecture of the Central Plateau of Iran (case of Kashan City)

ﮐﺸﻤﮑﺶ ﻫﺎ و اﺿﻄﺮاب ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺘﻌﺪدي اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻌﻤﺎري ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﯽ از اﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﺛﺮﮔﺬار ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻤﯽ ﻣﯿﺎن رﻓﺘﺎر و اﺧﻼق اﻓﺮاد ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪي و ﻓﻀﺎ وﺟﻮد دارد. ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ اﯾﺮان ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﺎري ﺳﻨﺘﯽ ﺧﻮد داراي ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻨﺎﻣﻪ اي اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻌﻤﺎري ﺳﻨﺘﯽ اﯾﺮان داراي ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺴﯿﺎري در ﺣﻮزه ﺑﺮﻗﺮاري آراﻣﺶ و ﻧﻈﻢ ﺑﺮاي اﻓﺮاد اﺳﺖ. ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺳﺒﮏ ﻫﺎي ﮐﻪ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺴﯿﺎري را در اﯾﻦ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ دارد، ﻣﻌﻤﺎري ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺖ ﺑﺎرﮔﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﮐﻨﮑﺎش در ﻫﺮ دو ﺣﯿﻄﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﺎري )ﻣﻌﻤﺎري ﺳﻨﺘﯽ اﯾﺮان و ﻣﻌﻤﺎري ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺖ ﺑﺎرﮔﯽ( ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ را ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺎط ﺟﺎﻟﺐ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ. روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ-ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﮔﺮدآوري داده ﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ اﺳﺖ. اﺑﺰار ﮔﺮدآوري داده ﻫﺎ، ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ اﺳﺖ. رواﯾﯽ اﺑﺰار اﻧﺠﺎم و ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﮐﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ ﺑﺎﻻي 0/70 ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ را داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن ﻣﻌﻤﺎري داﻧﺸﮕﺎه دوﻟﺘﯽ و داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد ﮐﺎﺷﺎن ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﺑﺮ 240 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ داده اﻧﺪ. ﺣﺠﻢ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﮐﻮﮐﺮان، 145 ﻧﻔﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ آزﻣﻮن ﻓﺮﯾﺪﻣﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﻄﺎي ﮐﻢ ﺗﺮ از 0/05 ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار ﺑﻮده اﻧﺪ و ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري وﺟﻮد دارد و ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ رﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي را دارﻧﺪ. ﮐﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ رﺗﺒﻪ در ﻣﯿﺎن ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ در ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن و ﺑﯿﺶ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ رﺗﺒﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺮف ﺑﻮدن ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن اداري ﺑﻪ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺖ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس آزﻣﻮن ﺧﯽ دو و ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ، ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﻟﺪ آراﻣﺶ و اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺸﺮف ﺑﻮدن ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن اداري ﺑﻪ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺖ، اﯾﺠﺎد ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺮﯾﻢ ﺷﺨﺼﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺎرﻣﻨﺪان، ﻗﺮار داﺷﺘﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن اداري در ﮐﻨﺎر ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﻣﺜﻞ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن در ﻓﻀﺎي داﺧﻠﯽ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ.

Conflict and anxiety are the result of several factors. Architecture can affect some of these factors. There is a direct relationship between people's behavior and ethics with the physical environment and space. Iran's historic buildings with such traditional architecture have such an identity. Traditional Iranian architecture has many components in the field of establishing peace and order for people. One of the styles that has many components in this field is biophilic architecture. Exploration in both fields of architecture (traditional Iranian architecture and biophilic architecture) leads the research to interesting points. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on collecting survey data. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. The validity of the instrument and the reliability were confirmed by Cronbach's coefficient above 0.70. The statistical population of the research consists of 240 students of architecture of Kashan State University and Azad University. The population size was calculated based on Cochran's formula, 145 people. The result of Friedman test showed that all components were significant at the error level of less than 0.05 and there is a significant difference between the mean of the components and can be ranked. The lowest rank among the influential factors is related to the use of natural ventilation in the building and the highest rank is related to the office building overlooking nature. According to the Chi-square test and frequency, the most important components of peace and security include the office building overlooking nature, creating spaces with privacy for employees, the office building next to natural elements such as the river and the use of plants indoors .