جايگاه كشف علمي جرايم در مطالعات جرم‌شناختي پليس و نقش آن در فرايند پيش‌گيري از جرايم

The place of scientific discovery of crimes in police criminological studies and its role in the process of crime prevention

ﺑــﺎ ﭘﯿﺸــﺮﻓﺖ ﻋﻠــﻮم و ﻓﻨــﻮن و ﮔﺴــﺘﺮش اﻧــﻮاع ﺑــﺰه ﮐــﺎري در اﺷــﮑﺎل ﮔﻮﻧــﺎﮔﻮن، ﺟﺎﯾﮕــﺎه ﮐﺸــﻒ ﻋﻠﻤــﯽ ﺟﺮاﯾﻢ ﺑﯿﺶ از ﭘﯿﺶ در ﭘﺮوﻧﺪه ﻫﺎي ﮐﯿﻔـﺮي ﻋﯿﻨﯿـﺖ ﭘﯿـﺪا ﻣـﯽ ﮐﻨـﺪ ؛ در ﻫﻤـﯿﻦ راﺳـﺘﺎ ﮐﻠﯿـﻪ ﻋﻠـﻮﻣﯽ ﮐـﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮم و ﺑـﺰه ﮐـﺎري ﻣـﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑـﻮده و دﺳـﺘﮕﺎه ﻗﻀـ ﺎﯾﯽ را در زﻣﯿﻨـﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﮔﻮﻧـﺎﮔﻮن ﮐﺸـﻒ ﺟـﺮم ، اﺣﻘـﺎق ﺣﻖ و ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ آن ﯾﺎري ﻣـ ﯽ ﮐﻨﻨـﺪ ؛ ﻧﻘـﺶ ﻣﻬﻤـﯽ را در ﮐـﺎﻫﺶ ﺟـﺮاﯾﻢ در ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﻪ و آﺛـﺎر ﻣﺮﺑـﻮط ﺑـﻪ آن، اﯾﻔــﺎ ﺧﻮاﻫﻨــﺪ ﮐــﺮد. ﭘــﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿــﺮ ﺑــﺎ ﻫــﺪف ﺗﺒﯿــﯿﻦ ﺟﺎﯾﮕــﺎه ﮐﺸــﻒ ﻋﻠﻤــﯽ ﺟــﺮاﯾﻢ در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌــﺎت ﺟـﺮم ﺷـﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ و ﻧﻘـﺶ اﯾـﻦ ﻣﻮﺿـﻮع در ﻓﺮاﯾﻨـﺪ ﭘـﯿﺶ ﮔﯿـﺮي از وﻗـﻮع ﺟـﺮم اﻧﺠـﺎم ﺷـﺪه اﺳـﺖ . روش ﭘــﮋوﻫﺶ در اﯾــﻦ ﭘــﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠــﯽ ﺗﻮﺻــﯿﻔﯽ ﺑــﻮده و ﺟﺎﻣﻌــﻪ آﻣــﺎري اﯾــﻦ ﭘــﮋوﻫﺶ ﺷــﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﺎرﮐﻨــﺎن ﺣﺎﺿﺮ در ﭘﻠﯿﺲ آﮔﺎﻫﯽ اﺳـﺘﺎن ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﺤـﺎل و ﺑﺨﺘﯿـﺎري اﺳـﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﺑـﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﺮﻣـﻮل ﮐـﻮﮐﺮان ﺗﻌـﺪاد 180 ﻧﻔــﺮ از آن ﻫــﺎ ﺑــﻪ ﻋﻨــﻮان ﻧﻤﻮﻧــﻪ آﻣــﺎري ﺗﻌﯿــﯿﻦ ﺷــﺪه و از ﻃﺮﯾــﻖ ﭘﺮﺳــﺶ ﻧﺎﻣــﻪ ﭘــﮋوﻫﺶ ﮔﺮﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 19 ﺳـﺆال در ﭼﻬـ ﺎرﺑﺨﺶ( ﻣـﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ ﻗـﺮار ﮔﻔﺘﻨـﺪ. ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﮐﯿﺴـﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ ﻋﻠﻤــﯽ ﮐﺸــﻒ ﺟــﺮم در ﭘــﯿﺶ ﮔﯿــﺮي از ﺟــﺮم ﻧﻘــﺶ دارد؛ ﻫــﻢ ﭼﻨــﯿﻦ ﻣﯿــﺎن روش ﻫــﺎي ﻧــﻮﯾﻦ ﮐﺸــﻒ ﺟــﺮاﯾﻢ ﻓﻀــﺎي ﺳــﺎﯾﺒﺮ، روش ﻫــﺎي ﻧــﻮﯾﻦ ﮐﺸــﻒ ﺟــﺮم از ﻃﺮﯾــﻖ ﺟــﯽ ﭘــﯽ اس2 و ﺟــﯽ آي اس3 و روش ﻫــﺎي ﻧــﻮﯾﻦ ﮐﺸــﻒ ﺟــﺮم از ﻃﺮﯾــﻖ دي ان اي4 و ﻧﻘــﺶ آن در ﭘــﯿﺶ ﮔﯿــﺮي از ﺟــﺮم راﺑﻄــﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري وﺟﻮد دارد.

With the advancement of science and techniques and the spread of various types of crimes, the place of scientific discovery of crimes becomes more objective in criminal cases; In this regard, all the sciences that are related to crime and delinquency and help the judicial system in various fields of crime detection, justice and its provision; I will play an important role in reducing crimes in society and related works. The present study was conducted with the aim of explaining the place of scientific detection of crimes in criminological studies and the role of this issue in the process of preventing crime. Using Cochran's formula, 180 of them were determined as a statistical sample and studied through a researcher-made questionnaire (including 19 questions in four sections). The research results indicate that the scientific development of crime detection plays a role in crime prevention; Also, there is a significant relationship between new methods of detecting crimes in cyberspace, new methods of detecting crimes through GPS and GIS, and new methods of detecting crimes through DNA and its role in crime prevention