بررسي روند نظريه شهرسازي بيوفيليك و اثرات آن در آرامش و امنيت محيطي شهرها

Investigating the trend of biophilic urban planning theory and its effects on urban peace and security

آراﻣـﺶ و اﻣﻨﯿـﺖ ﺷـﻬﺮي ﺑــﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣـﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ اﺟﺘﻤــﺎﻋﯽ، اﻗﺘﺼـﺎدي و زﯾﺴـﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄــﯽ واﺑﺴـﺘﻪ اﺳـ ﺖ. ﺑﺨﺸــﯽ از اﯾــﻦ آراﻣــﺶ رﯾﺸــﻪ در ﻧــﻮع ﺷﻬﺮﺳــﺎزي و اﻟﮕﻮﻫــﺎي ﻣﻌﻤــﺎري ﻣــﻮرد اﺳــﺘﻔﺎده در ﺷــﻬﺮﻫﺎ اﺳــﺖ. ﺷﻬﺮﺳــﺎزي ﺑﯿﻮﻓﯿﻠﯿﮏ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻃﺒﯿﻌـﺖ و ﮔﺴـﺘﺮش آن در ﺷـﮑﻞ و ﻣﺤﺘـﻮاي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣـﻪ رﯾـﺰي ﺷـﻬﺮي اﺳـﺖ، از ﻣﻬـﻢ ﺗـﺮ ﯾﻦ اﻟﮕﻮﻫــﺎي ﻗﺎﺑــﻞ ﺑﺮرﺳــﯽ در زﻣﯿﻨــﻪ آراﻣــﺶ و اﻣﻨﯿــﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄــﯽ ﻣﮑــﺎن ﻫــﺎي ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿــﺎﯾﯽ از ﺟﻤﻠــﻪ ﺷــﻬﺮﻫﺎ اﺳــﺖ. ﻫــﺪف اﯾــﻦ ﭘــﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮرﺳــﯽ روﻧــﺪ ﻧﻈﺮﯾــﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﺳــﺎزي ﺑﯿﻮﻓﯿﻠﯿــﮏ و اﺛــﺮات آن در آراﻣــﺶ و اﻣﻨﯿــﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄــﯽ ﺷــﻬﺮﻫﺎ اﺳــﺖ. روش ﭘــﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺗﻮﺻــﯿﻔﯽ -ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠــﯽ و ﻣﺒﺘﻨــﯽ ﺑــﺮ ﮔــﺮدآوري داده ﻫــﺎ از ﻃﺮﯾــﻖ روش ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸــﯽ اﺳﺖ. اﺑﺰار ﮔـﺮدآوري داده ﻫـ ﺎ ﭘﺮﺳـﺶ ﻧﺎﻣـﻪ ﺑـﻮده اﺳـﺖ. رواﯾـﯽ آن از ﻃﺮﯾـﻖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﻪ ﻧﺨﺒﮕـﺎن ﺗﺄﯾﯿـ ﺪ و ﭘﺎﯾـﺎﯾﯽ آن ﻧﯿــﺰ ﺑــﺎ اﺳــﺘﻔﺎده از ﺿــﺮﯾﺐ ﮐﺮوﻧﺒــﺎخ ﺑــﯿﺶ ﺗــﺮ از 0/78 ﺗﺄﯾﯿــﺪ ﺷــﺪ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌــﻪ آﻣــﺎري ﭘــﮋوﻫﺶ ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳــﺎن و ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن ﺣﻮزه ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺎزي و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾـﺰي ﺷـﻬﺮي ﺗﺸـﮑﯿﻞ داده اﻧـﺪ ﮐـﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻧﺒـﻮد آﻣـﺎر دﻗﯿـﻖ در اﯾـﻦ زﻣﯿﻨــﻪ، ﺣﺠــﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧــﻪ 100 ﮐﺎرﺷــﻨﺎس در ﻧﻈــﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘــﻪ ﺷــﺪ. ﺗﺤﻠﯿــﻞ ﻧﺘــﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸــﺎن د اد ﮐــﻪ ﻧﻈﺮﯾــﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﺳــﺎزي ﺑﯿﻮﻓﯿﻠﯿــﮏ در ﻃﺮاﺣــﯽ، ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣــﻪ رﯾــﺰي و ﻣــﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺷــﻬﺮي در ﺳــﻄﺢ ﻣﻌﻨــﺎداري ﺑﺮاﺑــﺮ ﺑــﺎ 0/000 ﺑــﻮده اﺳــﺖ اﻣــﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ اﯾﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫـ ﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿـﺐ 1/81، 2/53 و 2 ﺗﺄﯾﯿـ ﺪ ﻣـﯽ ﮐﻨـﺪ ﮐـﻪ اﯾـﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﯾـﻪ در ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ ﺷـﻬﺮي ﻣـﻮرد اﺳــﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﺒــﻮده اﺳــﺖ. ﻫــﻢ ﭼﻨــﯿﻦ ﻧﺘﯿﺠــﻪ آزﻣــﻮن ﺗــﯽ ﺗــﮏ ﻧﻤﻮﻧــﻪ اي ﻧﺸــﺎن داد ﮐــﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﺳــﺎزي ﺑﯿﻮﻓﯿﻠﯿــﮏ در ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﺳـﺘﺮس، ﮐـﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺸـﺎر اﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋﯽ، اﯾﺠـﺎد اﻣﻨﯿـﺖ روﺣـﯽ و رواﻧـﯽ، اﯾﺠـﺎد آراﻣـﺶ، ﮐـﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﺤـﺮان ﻫـ ﺎي ﺷـﻬﺮي و ﮐــﺎﻫﺶ ﺟــﺮاﺋﻢ اﺟﺘﻤــﺎﻋﯽ در ﺳــﻄﺢ ﻣﻌﻨــﺎداري ﮐــﻢ ﺗــﺮ از 0/05 ﻣــﺆﺛﺮ اﺳــﺖ. ﺑــﯿﺶ ﺗــﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔــﺬاري ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺎزي ﺑﯿﻮﻓﯿﻠﯿﮏ ﺑﺮ ﮐـﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﺤـﺮان ﻫـ ﺎي ﺷـﻬﺮي ﺑـﺎ ﻣﯿـﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 3/90 و ﺳـﭙﺲ اﯾﺠـﺎد آراﻣـﺶ ﺑـﺎ 3/81 ﺑـﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﻣﯿﺰان ﻫﻢ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺑـﯿﻦ ﺷـﺎﺧﺺ ﺷﻬﺮﺳـﺎزي و ﻣﻌﻤـﺎري ﺑﯿﻮﻓﯿﻠﯿـﮏ ﺑـﺎ آراﻣـﺶ و اﻣﻨﯿـﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄـﯽ، ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ ﺑـﺎ 0/760 اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﯾـﮏ ﻫـﻢ ﺑﺴـﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﺴـﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﻤﺎر ﻣـ ﯽ آﯾـ ﺪ. در ﻣﺠﻤـﻮع وﯾﮋﮔـ ﯽ ﻫـ ﺎي ﺷﻬﺮﺳـﺎزي و ﻣﻌﻤـﺎري ﺑﯿﻮﻓﯿﻠﯿﮏ ﺗﻮان ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ 76 درﺻﺪ از ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ واﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد آراﻣﺶ و اﻣﻨﯿﺖ را دارا ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the trend of biophilic urban planning theory and its effects on the tranquility and environmental security of cities. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on data collection through survey method. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. Its validity was confirmed by the elite community and its reliability was confirmed by using Cronbach's coefficient greater than 0.78. The statistical population of the study consists of experts and specialists in the field of urban planning and urban planning, which due to the lack of accurate statistics in this field, the sample size of 100 experts was considered. Analysis of the results showed that the theory of biophilic urban planning in urban design, planning and management has been significantly equal to 0.000 but the average of these indicators confirms 1.81, 2.53 and 2, respectively, that this theory in development The city has not been used. Also, the result of one-sample t-test showed that biophilic urban planning is effective in reducing stress, reducing social pressure, creating psychological security, creating calm, reducing urban crises and reducing social crimes at a significant level of less than 0.05. The greatest impact of biophilic urban planning has been on reducing urban crises with an average of 3.90 and then creating calm with 3.81. The correlation between urban development index and biophilic architecture with tranquility and environmental security is equal to 0.760, which is a direct correlation. In total, the features of urban planning and biophilic architecture are able to explain 76% of the changes in the dependent variable, ie improving peace and security.