زمان و زماني

Time and Temporality

The issue of time and temporal things has always been one of the most important topics discussed in different periods. Aristotle and Plato presented two well-known theories in this regard, and Plotinus considered it to be originated in the universal soul (the third hypostasis). The mediaeval philosophers also propounded various ideas concerning this issue. Muslim philosophers divided the worlds of existence into fixed and disengaged (non-material) and material and changing types. Mir Damad proposed the world of perpetual duration for fixed existents and the world of creation for material and changing existents. However, by demonstrating motion in substance and the continuous change of matter, which is due to the Divine permanent effusion, Mulla Sadra followed a new way and proved that time is, on the one hand, the very line of the trans-substantial, motion of matter, and, on the other hand, the very quantitative expression of the Divine effusions.