ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻓﻘﻬﯽ و ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺛﺮ اﺣﯿﺎء در اراﺿﯽ ﻣﻠﯽ

A Jurisprudential and Legal Study of the Effect of National Lands Restoration1

ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻓﻘﻬﯽ و ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺛﺮ اﺣﯿﺎء در اراﺿﯽ ﻣﻠﯽ اﺳﺖ . روش ﭘــﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﻮﺻــﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠــﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷــﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻋﻠﯽرﻏﻢ وﺟﻮد ﻧﻈﺮات ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﻓﻘﻬﯽ و ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ، اﺣﯿﺎء اراﺿﯽ و اﺛﺮ آن ﺑﺮ ﻣﺼﺎدﯾﻖ ﻣﺬﮐﻮر، اﻣﺮي اﻧﮑﺎرﻧﺎﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﺒﻮدن زﻣﺎن دﻗﯿﻖ اﺣﯿﺎء و اﺛﺮ آن ﺑﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺬﮐﻮر و اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎط ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از ﺣﻘﻮقداﻧﺎن ﻣﺒﻨﯽ ﺑــﺮ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ 1365 /12 /16در ﻣﺎده واﺣﺪه ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺗﮑﻠﯿﻒ اراﺿﯽ اﺧﺘﻼﻓﯽ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻣﺎده 56 ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ و ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري و ﺗﺒﺼﺮه 6اﻟﺤﺎﻗﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﺑﻄﺎل اﺳﻨﺎد ﻓﺮوش رﻗﺒﺎت، آب و اراﺿﯽ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻓﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان زﻣﺎن اﺣﯿﺎء، ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ اﺑﻬــﺎم ﻣﻮﺻــﻮف را ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻧﮑﺮده، ﺑﻠﮑﻪ دو ﭼﻨﺪان ﻧﻤﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺣﮑﺎم ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﯾﻦ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﯽآﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ اﺻﻮﻻً زﻣﺎن اﺣﯿﺎء و اﺛــﺮ آن، ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺐ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﻠﯽ ﺷﺪن ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎ و ﻣﺮاﺗﻊ ﺑﺮﻣﯽﮔﺮدد.

Abstract The purpose of the present study is jurisprudential and legal investigation of national lands restoration. The method of study is descriptive-analytic and the results indicate that despite different jurisprudential views and legal principles in this regard, the subject of restoration of lands and its effect is an irrefutable issue. The exact time of restoration and its effect on the above resources are unclear. Some jurists have inferred that setting March, the 7th, 1987 as the date of restoration in the single article for resolving disagreements over lands, as the subject of act 26 in the law of sustenance and exploitation as well as the additional note 6 attached to the law of nullification of the documents for selling rental lands, water, and endowed property, has not only decreased but also doubled the confusion in this respect. Reviewing results of different rules in this regard showed that time of restoration and its effect basically date back to the approval date of the Forests and Rangelands Nationalization Act.