بررسي مقايسه‌اي بروز رفتارهاي شهروندي بين دانشجويان خدمت‌رفته و دانشجويان خدمت‌نرفته دانشگاه تهران

A comparative study of the incidence of citizenship behaviors between students of the University of Tehran served military service and students not served military service

ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ: اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ اي ﺑﺮوز رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪي ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن ﺧﺪﻣﺖ رﻓﺘﻪ و داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﻧﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. روش: ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ از ﻧﻮع ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﺎي آﻣﯿﺨﺘﻪ ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺤﯽ ﺑﻮده و ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﺷﺎﻣﻞ داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن ﭘﺴﺮ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﻬﺮان اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ از اﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺎن ﺗﻌﺪاد 350 ﻧﻔﺮ )216 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﻧﺮﻓﺘﻪ و 134 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺧﺪﻣﺖ رﻓﺘﻪ( ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ در ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﻤﯽ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺟﻬﺖ ﮔﺮدآوري داده ﻫﺎي ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺗﻌﺪاد 15 ﻧﻔﺮ از داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن ﺧﺪﻣﺖ رﻓﺘﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﺑﺎ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ آﻣﺪ. در ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﻤﯽ از اﺑﺰار رﻓﺘﺎر ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪي ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﭘﻮدﺳﺎﮐﻒ و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران )1990( و در ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ از ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺑﺪون ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺟﻬﺖ ﮔﺮدآوري داده ﻫﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﻤﯽ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺳﺮﺑﺎزي را ﮔﺬراﻧﺪه اﻧﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن، رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪي ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي را ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮص در اﺑﻌﺎد ﺟﻮاﻧﻤﺮدي، وﺟﺪان ﮐﺎري و آداب اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ از ﺧﻮد ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﻨﺪ. ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ داده ﻫﺎي ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ دوره ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺳﺮﺑﺎزي ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﭘﺮورش ﺧﺼﯿﺼﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺜﺒﺘﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺳﺨﺘﯽ ﻫﺎ، ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﭘﺬﯾﺮي، ﭘﺨﺘﮕﯽ ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺘﯽ، اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺧﻮدﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﯽ، ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ ﺑﺎورﻫﺎي دﯾﻨﯽ، وﻗﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ و ﻧﻈﻢ ﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻫﻤﮕﻮﻧﯽ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ، ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﻤﯽ ﺑﺎ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺧﻮد ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺑﻮدن ﺳﻄﺢ رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪي داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن ﺧﺪﻣﺖ رﻓﺘﻪ را اراﺋﻪ داد. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﮔﻔﺖ دوره ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺳﺮﺑﺎزي ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ رﺷﺪ ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺘﯽ، اﺧﻼﻗﯽ و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ در اﻓﺮاد ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد، ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي ﮐﻪ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻮد در اﺟﺘﻤﺎع را ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ اﻓﺮاد ﺑﻬﺘﺮ اﯾﻔﺎ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ.

Introduction: The aim of this research was to compare the incidence of organizational citizenship behaviors between students served military service and students not served military service. Method: The present research is a mixed descriptive research and the statistical population includes male students of the University of Tehran, of which 350 (216 not served and 134 served) were selected as a sample in the quantitative section. In order to collect qualitative data, 15 students were selected and interviewed. In the quantitative part, the tools of organizational citizenship behavior of Podsakoff et al. (1990) and in the qualitative part, unstructured interviews were used to collect data. Findings: The findings of the quantitative part of the study showed that students who have served in the military indicate more organizational citizenship behaviors than other students, especially in terms of chivalry, work conscience and social etiquette. Analysis of qualitative data indicated that the period of military service promotes positive traits such as enduring hardships, responsibility, and maturity of personality, increased self-control, strengthening religious beliefs, punctuality and discipline. Also, the results obtained from the homogeneity of the findings showed that the findings of the quantitative part corresponded to the findings of the qualitative part of the research, which provided sufficient explanation for the higher level of citizenship behaviors of the students served. Conclusion: we can claimed that the period of military service leads to the development of personality, moral and social in individuals, so that they play their roles in society better than other individuals.