تدبير ولايي و اطاعت از اوامر حاكم جامعه اسلامي در اجراي احكام حكومتي از منظر فريقين

Tact of the Guardian Jurist and Following the Orders of the Guardian in the Implementation of Governmental Rules from the Perspective of Islamic Denominations

تدبير ولايي از جمله ملزومات نظام اسلامي است كه از سوي ولي امر به سبب مسائل جديدالحدوث صادر مي­‌شود. فرامين و احكامِ صادره از سوي ولي امر، «حكم حكومتي» نام دارد. تدبيرِ وِلايي ولي امر تا جايي پيش مي­‌رود كه حكم حكومتي وي گاهي به تغيير، تبديل و حتي به تعطيل حكم منجر مي­‌گردد. پژوهش حاضر اين نتيجه را اتخاذ كرده كه دامنه تدبيرِ ولايي از منظر فقيهان مذاهب به تناسب مسائل جديد گسترده است. بايد دانست كه حاكم و دولت اسلامي معمولاً براي تمشيت و تدبير امور جامعه احكام نسبتاً كلي و فراگير انشاء و صادر مي­‌كند. صدور و انشاء اين احكام، معمولاً با عناوين قانون­ گذاري يا تقنين همراه است. از اين رو بحث از حق انشاء و صدور قوانين يا احكام كلي توسط ولي امر و دولت اسلامي، زمينه­‌ساز دريافت صحيح از نسبت احكام مزبور با مسئله تشريع ديني است. ضرورت تأمل در ابعاد گوناگون تدبير ولايي در اين مفهوم است كه محوريت ولايت در مباني اعتقادي شيعه را مي­‌توان موجب تمايز اساسي ميان مذاهب اسلامي «فقه شيعي از فقه اهل­‌تسنن» دانست.

Tact of the Guardian Jurist is one of the requirements of the Islamic system, which is issued by the guardian due to emerging issues. The orders and commands issued by the guardian are called “Governmental Rules”. Tact of the Guardian Jurist goes so far that his ruling sometimes leads to change, conversion and even termination of a rule. The present study concluded that the scope of the tact of the guardian jurist from the perspective of jurists of Islamic denominations is wide in proportion to new issues. It should be noted that the ruler and the Islamic government usually issue relatively general and comprehensive rulings to manage the affairs of the society. The issuance and drafting of these rulings are usually accompanied by the titles of legislation or lawmaking. Therefore, the discussion of the right to compose and issue general laws or rulings by the guardian of the Islamic government is the basis for a correct understanding of the relationship between these rulings and the issue of religious legislation. It is necessary to reflect on the various aspects of the Islamic ruling in this sense: The centrality of “Wilayah” or guardianship in the Shiite doctrinal foundations can be considered as the main difference of the Islamic denominations “Shiite jurisprudence and Sunni jurisprudence”