عنوان مقاله :
تأثير روش‌هاي خاك‌ورزي حفاظتي بر خصوصيات فيزيكي خاك و عملكرد پنبه در تناوب پنبه-گندم
عنوان به زبان ديگر :
Effect of Conservation Tillage Methods on Soil Physical Properties and Cotton Yield in Wheat-Cotton Rotation
پديد آورندگان :
افضلي نيا، صادق سازمان تحقيقات، آموزش و ترويج كشاورزي - مركز تحقيقات و آموزش كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي فارس، شيراز، ايران , كرمي، علي داد سازمان تحقيقات، آموزش و ترويج كشاورزي - مركز تحقيقات و آموزش كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي فارس - بخش تحقيقات خاك و آب، شيراز، ايران , محمدي، دادگر سازمان تحقيقات، آموزش و ترويج كشاورزي - مركز تحقيقات و آموزش كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي فارس - بخش تحقيقات اقتصادي-اجتماعي و ترويج كشاورزي، شيراز، ايران
كليدواژه :
روش ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎك ورزي , ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﭘﻨﺒﻪ , ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﺧﺎك , بازده اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي
چكيده فارسي :
ﺛﺮ ﺧﺎك ورزي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﺧﺎك و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﻣﻤﮑﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ، ﻧﻮع ﺧـﺎك، ﻧـﻮع ﻣﺤﺼـﻮل و ﺗﻨﺎوب زراﻋﯽ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮات اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮع روش ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎك ورزي در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ آب و ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ، ﺧﺎك ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت و ﺗﻨﺎوب ﻫﺎي زراﻋﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ اﺛﺮ روش ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎك ورزي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﺧـﺎك، ﻋﻤﻠﮑـﺮد ﭘﻨﺒﻪ و ﺑﺎزده اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي آن در ﺗﻨﺎوب ﮔﻨﺪم-ﭘﻨﺒﻪ در اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﮔﺮم اﺳﺘﺎن ﻓﺎرس ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮك ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر و ﭼﻬﺎر ﺗﮑﺮار در اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮐﺸﺎورزي داراب ﺑﻪﻣﺪت ﭼﻬﺎر ﺳﺎل اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﻢ ﺧـﺎك ورزي،
ﺑﯽ ﺧﺎك ورزي )ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ( و ﺧﺎك ورزي ﻣﺮﺳﻮم )ﺷﺎﻫﺪ( ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ روش ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎك ورزي اﺛﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري ﺑـﺮ ﺣﻔـﻆ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ در ﺧﺎك داﺷﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﮐﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﺑﯽ ﺧﺎك ورزي و ﮐﻢ ﺧﺎك ورزي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪﺧﺎك ورزي ﻣﺮﺳﻮم، ﻣﻘـﺪار رﻃﻮﺑـﺖ ﺧـﺎك را ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 15/22 و 5/47 درﺻﺪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ دادﻧﺪ. روش ﺧﺎك ورزي اﺛﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري ﺑﺮ ﻧﻔﻮذ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﯽ آب در ﺧﺎك، ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري ﺧﺎك داﻧـﻪ ﻫـﺎ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﭘﻨﺒﻪ ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ. ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﺧﺎك ورزي ﻧﯿﺰ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺧﺎك ورزي ﻣﺮﺳﻮم داراي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﺎزده اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺑﻮد و روش ﻫﺎي ﮐﻢ ﺧﺎك ورزي و ﺑﯽ ﺧﺎك ورزي در رﺗﺒﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻌﺪي ﻗﺮار داﺷﺘﻨﺪ، ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻫﻤﻪ روش ﻫﺎي ﺧـﺎ ك ورزي اﻗﺘﺼـﺎدي داراي ﺳﻮد( ﺑﻮد. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، ﭼﻨﺎنﭼﻪ در ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻨﯽ ﺧﺎك ورزي ﻣﺮﺳﻮم ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎك ورزي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﯽ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﮔﺮم اﺳـﺘﺎن ﻓـﺎرس ﻣـﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺷﻮد، ﻣﯽﺗﻮان از ﻣﺰاﯾﺎي اﯾﻦ روش در ﮐﺸﺖ ﭘﻨﺒﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد.
چكيده لاتين :
Effect of conservation tillage on soil properties and crop yield may be influenced by climate condition, soil type, and crop type and rotation. Therefore, evaluation of different tillage methods in different climate conditions, soil textures, and crop rotations is necessary. In this research, the effect of conservation tillage methods on soil properties, cotton yield, and its economic efficiency was evaluated in wheat-cotton cropping system in arid climate condition of Fars province (Iran). The study was conducted in the form of a complete block experimental design with three treatments and four replications in Darab Agricultural Research Station for four years. The treatments were reduced tillage, no-tillage, and conventional tillage (control treatment). The results showed that the tillage method had significant effect on moisture retention in the soil so that the no-till and reduced tillage increased moisture retention in the soil compared to the conventional tillage by 15.22 and 5.47%, respectively. The tillage methods had no significant effect on the soil infiltration, soil aggregates, and cotton yield. Economic evaluation revealed that the conventional tillage had the highest economic efficiency followed by the reduced tillage and no-till. However, the economic returns of all treatments were positive. If a proper management be applied during replacing the conventional tillage with conservation tillage methods, the advantages of conservation tillage could be reached in cotton planting.
عنوان نشريه :
مكانيزاسيون كشاورزي
