بررسي تاثير سرعت پيشروي، دور كوبنده و دور دمنده بر ميزان تلفات كل كمباين كلاس توكانو320 در برداشت گندم

Investigation of Forward, Cylinder Rotation and Blower Rotation Speed of Tucano 320 Harvester Wheat Grain Total Losses

ﻏﻼت ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت راﻫﺒﺮدي ﺑﻪﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﯽرود و ﻫﺮ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ وﺳﯿﻌﯽ از اراﺿﯽ ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﺑﻪ ﮐﺸﺖ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل اﺧﺘﺼﺎص ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ. ﮐﺸﺖ ﻏﻼت ﻋﻤﺪهﺗﺮﯾﻦ زراﻋﺖ در اﯾﺮان ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﮔﻨﺪم ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﮐﺸﺎورزي، ﭼﻪ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺎده ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ و ﭼﻪ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ اﺳﺘﻘﻼل ﮐﺸﺎورزي، ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه وﯾﮋهاي دارد. ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺣﺴﺎسﺗﺮﯾﻦ و ﻣﺸﮑﻞﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻏﻼت، ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ آن اﺳﺖ و ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎً ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮ اﻓﺖ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل در اﯾﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اﺗﻔﺎق ﻣﯽاﻓﺘﺪ. ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﭘﯿﺸﺮوي، ﺳﺮﻋﺖ دوراﻧﯽ ﮐﻮﺑﻨﺪه و ﺳﺮﻋﺖ دوراﻧﯽ ﺑﺎدزن از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﮐﺎري ﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﺮ اﻓﺖ ﮐﻤﺒﺎﯾﻦ ﻏﻼت ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. دراﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ، ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﯾﻦ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﻠﻔﺎت ﮐﻤﺒﺎﯾﻦ ﮐﻼس ﻣﺪل ﺗﻮﮐﺎﻧﻮ320 و اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و اراﺋﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺗﯿﻤﺎري در ﻣﺰارع ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﮐﺸﺖ و ﺻﻨﻌﺖ و داﻣﭙﺮوري ﻣﻐﺎن در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ و ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻋﺒﺎرت ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ از: ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﭘﯿﺸﺮوي )4 ،3 و 5 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ(، ﺳﺮﻋﺖ دوراﻧﯽ ﮐﻮﺑﻨﺪه )1100، 1200و 1300 دور در دﻗﯿﻘﻪ( و ﺳﺮﻋﺖ دوراﻧﯽ ﺑﺎدزن )700 ،600 و 800 دور در دﻗﯿﻘﻪ(. اﻓﺖ ﮐﻞ ﮐﻤﺒﺎﯾﻦ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ واﺑﺴﺘﻪ در ﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﭘﯿﺸﺮوي روي ﺗﻠﻔﺎت ﮐﻤﺒﺎﯾﻦ ﺑﻮد. ﺑﻪﻃﻮري ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان اﻓﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار 2/81 درﺻﺪ در ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﭘﯿﺸﺮوي 5 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ و ﮐﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان اﻓﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار 1/91 درﺻﺪ در ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﭘﯿﺸﺮوي 3 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻢﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﮐﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﻠﻔﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﭘﯿﺸﺮوي 4 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ، دور ﮐﻮﺑﻨﺪه 1300 دور در دﻗﯿﻘﻪ و دور دﻣﻨﺪه 800 دور در دﻗﯿﻘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ اﻓﺖ ﮐﻠﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﺛﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ دوراﻧﯽ ﺑﺎدﺑﺰن در ﺳﺮﻋﺖﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﺸﺮوي ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﮐﻢ اﺳﺖ ﭼﺮا ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ اﺳﺖ.

Cereals are one of the strategic products and each year a large area of ​​agricultural land is dedicated to their cultivation. Cultivation of cereals is considered to be the main agriculture in Iran. One of the most sensitive and difficult stages of cereal production is the harvesting stage almost more product loss occurs at this stage. Forward speed, cylinder rotation speed and blower rotation speed of Harvester are important operation parameters that affect harvester losses. In order to evaluate the effect of these parameters on total grain loss, this studying was conducted in 3×3×3 factorial pattern with randomized blocks design. The independent variables in the experiments were forward speed (3, 4 and 5 km/h), cylinder rotating speed (1100, 1200 and 1300 rpm) and blower rotating speed (600, 700 and 800 rpm). For a real evaluation, these factors and their levels were chosen based on operators’ experiences. The experiments were done in Moghan Agro-Industrial & Livestock Co. (MAIL) with CLAAS combine harvester (Tucano 320 model). The results of this study showed that the minimum loss related to the 4 km/h, 1300 rpm and 800 rpm for forward speed, cylinder rotation and blower rotation speed, respectively.