معرفي جمعيت جديد اصلاح شده يونجه "آذر" ويژه مناطق سرد و معتدل سرد منطقه آذربايجان

Introduction of new improved population of alfalfa "Azar" for cold and temperate regions of Azarbaijan

يونجه مهم‌ترين، قديمي‌ترين و رايج‌ترين گياهان علوفه‌اي كاشته شده در دنيا و ايران مي‌باشد و سازگاري مناسبي به شرايط مختلف اقليمي دارد. براي اصلاح و معرفي رقم يونجه آذر از روش گزينش دوره‌اي استفاده گرديد بدين منظور ابتدا با گزينش از ژرم‌پلاسم قره‌يونجه، ژنوتيپ‌هاي برتر به صورت تك بوته انتخاب شدند و سپس بذور تك بوته‌هاي منتخب، مخلوط و جمعيت اوليه تشكيل و در مزرعه ايزوله كاشته شد. در سال بعد مجدداً بوته‌هاي برتر براي بذرگيري انتخاب و اين روش سه دوره تكرار شد تا هسته اوليه بذري منتخب بدست آمد. عملكرد علوفه تر و خشك اين جمعيت منتخب طي سه چين به ترتيب 24810 و 12308 كيلوگرم در هر هكتار بود كه نسبت به عملكرد رقم شاهد عين الدين حدود 22 درصد برتري نشان داد. ميانگين درصد پروتئين علوفه در جمعيت منتخب يونجه و رقم شاهد عين الدين به ترتيب 23/8 و 20/1 درصد بود. ميانگين عملكرد علوفه اين جمعيت در هر هكتار حدود 2289 كيلوگرم بيش‌تر از ميانگين عملكرد يونجه شاهد (رقم محلي عين‌الدين) بود. احراز برتري اين جمعيت اصلاح شده يونجه نسبت به ارقام شاهد محلي منجر به آزادسازي و نامگذاري اين جمعيت به عنوان رقم جديد آذر در سال 1398 شد.

The new durum wheat cultivar, Sana (line DM-93-8) was initially introduced as a breeding line through 43rd International Durum Screening Nursery (IDSN) received from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CYMMIT) and was evaluated in Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII) in Karaj. Sana was selected for further evaluations based on its high grain yield (7750 kgha-1) at the subsequent years. This line had average grain yield of 9675 kgha-1 in the regional preliminary yield trial in 2012-2013 cropping season. Line DM-93-8 had average grain yield of 6827 kgha-1 in the advanced yield trial, with no considerable difference with Dena check cultivar having grain yield of 6973 kgha-1 in 2013-2014, therefore this line was selected for the further evaluations. The regional elite yield trials were conducted in four stations of Isfahan, Karaj, Kermanshah and Neishabour in 2014-15 and 2015-16. This line with 9025 kgha-1 had 16% higher grain yield than Dena check cultivar, with grain yield of 7779 kgha-1, and therefore was selected as superior line based on its grain yield and yield stability. Sana also has high quality of semolina, high protein content (12.2%) and high percentage of wet gluten (27%). The results of on-farm trials showed that this cultivar exhibited a 6% higher grain yield than newly released variety, Hana, as a local check in Kermanshah. Therefore, based on its high grain yield, yield stability, quality of semolina and its good level of resistance to yellow and leaf rusts, line DM-93-8 was released as a new durum wheat cultivar with the name of Sana for moderate agro-climate zone of Iran.