تحليل نگرش ها و گرايش هاي گردشگران نسبت به گردشگري كشاورزي مبتني بر جامعه محلي (منطقه مورد مطالعه: روستاهاي شهرستان تنكابن)

Analysis of tourist's attitudes towards community based tourism(Case Study: villages of Tonekabon township)

ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﮐﺸﺎورزي از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﭼﻨﺪ دﻫﻪ اﺧﯿﺮ در ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ اﻗﺘﺼﺎد روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯿﺎن و ﺿﺮورت ﺣﻔﻆ و ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ روﻧﻖ ﮐﺸﺎورزي، ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. اﻣﺎ اﯾﻦ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ در ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬاري ﻋﻤﯿﻘﯽ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﻣﺤﻠﯽ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺷﺪه و ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از آن ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ در ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﻟﺒﺘﻪ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺎن دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮان و ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ آﻧﻬﺎ از ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﮐﻪ ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﻣﺤﻠﯽ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺎن اﺻﻠﯽ آن ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، ﺑﺴﯿﺎر اﻫﻤﯿﺖ داﺷﺘﻪ و ﺣﻀﻮر آﻧﻬﺎ در ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري اﯾﻦ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﺎ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺆﺛﺮي ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ داﺷﺖ. ﺑﺮ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ اﺳﺎس ﻫﺪف از ﻧﮕﺎرش اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ درك ﻧﮕﺮش ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮان ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ اﺟﺘﻤﺎع ﻣﺤﻠﯽ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺗﻨﮑﺎﺑﻦ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺗﻨﮑﺎﺑﻦ را ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﻣﺰارع و ﺑﺎغ ﻫﺎي ﮐﺸﺎورزي، از ﺟﺎذﺑﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر زﯾﺒﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي ﮐﻪ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﭘﺬﯾﺮاي ﺣﺠﻢ زﯾﺎدي از ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮان از ﻧﻘﺎط ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮐﺸﻮر ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ – ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ اﺳﺖ . ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﻣﺘﺸﮑﻞ از ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮان روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﮐﻮﮐﺮان ﺗﻌﺪاد 390 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ. اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ، ﺑﻪ وﺳﯿﻠﻪ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار SPSS ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮورد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ از ﺟﺎذﺑﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰي ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺑﻮده و ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺮج از ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮن ﺧﻄﯽ، ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ از ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ، ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ اﺻﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺑﺘﺎ )0/552( ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ر ا در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ واﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻧﮕﺮش ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮان ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ اﺟﺘﻤﺎع ﻣﺤﻠﯽ داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﻫﺎي ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﺻﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺘﺎي )0/552( ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ و اﻗﺎﻣﺖ و اﻗﺎﻣﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﺎ )0/511( در رﺗﺒﻪ دوم ﻗﺮار دارد.

Agritourism is one of the activities that formed in recent decades in response to the decline in the quality of the rural economy and the need to preserve and sustain the environment and agricultural prosperity. But, This activity has a profound impact in rural areas when it is managed by local communities and Resulting advantages play a crucial role in the quality of rural life. In the meantime, the attitudes of tourists and their support for Agritourism activities (local communities are the primary owners of them), are significant, and their presence will play an efficent role in sustainability of these activities.Therefore, Purpose of writing this article is to understand the attitude of tourists toward community based Agritourism in rural areas of Tonekabon township. Study area includes the rural areas of Tonekabon township, which in addition to farms and fields, have a lot of beautiful natural attractions that annually receive a large number of tourists from different parts of the country. The method is descriptive-analytical and based on a field survey. The statistical population consists of tourists in the villages of the study area, using Cochran's formula and 390 people are as a sample population. The collected data using a questionnaire were analyzed by SPSS software. The research findings indicate that the study area has the attractions needed for Agritourism planning. The results of path analysis using the linear regression method show that among the independent