ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ اي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰي ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﺧﻼق: ﻣﺮور ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﻨﺪ

Creative Tourism Planning Theory Framework: A Systematic Review

ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﺧﻼق ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﺴﻞ ﺳﻮم ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﭘﺲ از ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي اﻧﺒﻮه و ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و در ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎ و اﺛﺮات ﻣﻨﻔﯽ آﻧﻬﺎ اﯾﺠﺎد ﺷﺪه، از اﺑﺘﺪاي ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ در دﻫﻪ 1990 ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ اﻣﺮوز ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮاﺗﯽ در روﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي و ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮع ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﺗﺌﻮري ﻣﻄﺮح ﻧﯿﺴﺖ، اﻣﺎ ﺗﺌﻮريﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﻣﺘﻌﺪدي در ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت، ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ آن ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﻮدهاﻧﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﺎف ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد، ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺗﺌﻮريﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار در ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت، ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﺧﻼق ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮﻣﺒﻨﺎي اﯾﻦ ﻫﺪف، ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮهﮔﯿﺮي از ﻣﺪل ﭘﺮﯾﺴﻤﺎ، 117 ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪه در ﺣﻮزه ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﺧﻼق در ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي داده وب اف ﺳﺎﯾﻨﺲ و اﺳﮑﻮﭘﻮس ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺮور ﻧﻈﺎمﻣﻨﺪ )ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﯿﮏ( اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﺗﺌﻮريﻫﺎي دﺧﯿﻞ در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰي ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﺧﻼق، از ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﮐﻤﯽ از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰارﻣﮑﺲ ﮐﯿﻮدا اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺗﺌﻮري ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ذيﻧﻔﻌﺎن، ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺘﯽ، ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري، ﻫﻢآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ و ﺷﺒﮑﻪاي ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺗﺌﻮريﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮه در ﺣﻮزه ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﺧﻼق ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ روﯾﮑﺮد ذﯾﻨﻔﻌﺎن و ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺘﯽ، ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ را در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﺧﻼق داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ.

Creative tourism developed as the third generation of tourism after mass tourism and cultural tourism, in response to the challenges and negative effects of the two previous forms. Creative tourism, emerged as a form of tourism since the 1990s, has seen changing in essence and planning trend and up to now. creative tourism is not a theory, but several theories of tourism planning have been effective in the process of its studying, planning and managing. With attention to the existing research gap, the purpose of this study is to identify effective planning theories in the process of creative tourism study, planning and management. Based on this goal, using Prisma model, 117 articles published in journals in the field of creative tourism were selected for systematic review. In this article, theories of tourism planning including stakeholders, partnership, sustainability, co-creation and network are identified as potential theories in the field of creative tourism and are reviewed and analyzed.