مقايسه بازده سرمايه گذاري در آموزش بر حسب مقاطع تحصيلي در بخش دولتي وخصوصي

Education return of different levels in private and public sectors

به ﻃﻮرﮐﻠﯽ ﺗﻠﻘﯽ ﻧﻤﻮدن آﻣﻮزش ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻮﻋﯽ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪﮔﺬاري و ﮔﺴﺘﺮش و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻧﻈﺎمﻫﺎي آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ و رﺷﺪ ﻓﺰاﯾﻨﺪه ﺳﻬﻢ آﻣﻮزش از ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻣﻠﯽ و ﺑﻮدﺟﻪ ﮐﺸﻮر ، ﺗﻮﺟﻪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدداﻧﺎن را ﻣﻌﻄﻮف ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ اﺳت. ﻫﺪف از اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻧﺮخ ﺑﺎزده ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ مقاطع تحصيلي در اﻳﺮان ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺪل تعميم يافته مينسر است . ﺑﺎ به كارگيري ﺗﺎﺑﻊ دريافتي مينسر، ميزان ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻼت در مقاطع مختلف ﺑﺮ درآﻣﺪ ﺷﺎﻏﻼن ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آﻣﺎرﻫﺎي بودجه-ﺧﺎﻧﻮار در سال 1398 ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺷد. جهت برآورد الگوي مورد نظر از مدل رگرسيوني حداقل مربعات معمولي(OLS) استفاده شده است. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛه تحصيلات در مقطع ديپلم، كارشناسي و ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻼت ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﺮ درآﻣﺪ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺷﻐﻞ اﻓﺮاد ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ دارد و ﻣﻴﺰان اﻳﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬاري ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ ﺳال تحصيل اضافي حدود 1/8 درصد است و ميزان تأثير تجربه كاري بر دريافتي افراد 1/4 درصد را نشان مي‌دهد. اين امر فارغ از ساير انگيزه‌هاي ورود به اين دوره‌ها، از نظر فردي توجيه‌پذيري اقتصادي اين مقاطع را نشان مي‌دهد. همچنين با وارد نمودن متغيرهاي مجازي وضعيت ; جنسيت، بخش شغلي و تاهل افراد بعنوان متغيرهاي كنترلي در مدل ، اثر اين متغيرها بر دريافتي افراد معنادار بوده و نتايج حاصل شده نشان ميدهد كه درآمد مردان به ميزان 7/51 درصد بيشتر از زنان است، افراد شاغل در بخش‌هاي دولتي 3/32 درصد بيشتر از ساير افراد در بخش‌هاي خصوصي درآمد دارند و درآخر افراد متاهل به نسبت افراد مجرد به ميزان 6/41 درصد از دريافتي بالاتري برخوردار هستند.

In the recent decades, global tendency towards the knowledge-based economy, has become human capital and effective labor to one of the major factors of economic growth and has led to increasing willingness of governments and individuals to invest in higher education. generally, considering education as an investment and development of educational systems on the one hand and increasing the share of education in gdp and the national budget on the other hand, has attracted the attention of economists and planners to evaluate the effectiveness of investment in education. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the private rate of return of educational institutions in iran using the generalized mincer model and by using the mincer income function, the effect of education at different levels on employee income was investigated using household-budget statistics in 2019. ordinary least squares regression model (OLS) has been used to estimate the desired pattern.the results showed that education in diploma, bachelor and postgraduate degrees has a positive effect on income from employment that the rate of this impact for each year of additional education is about 8/1 percent and the effect of work experience on people's income shows 4/1 percent. this, apart from other incentives to enter these sections, shows the economic justification of these sections from an individual point of view. also, with the inclusion of virtual variables of gender, job and marital status of individuals in the model according to the coefficients obtained in the regression model, the effect of these variables on the income of individuals has been a significant effect and these results were obtained: men earn more than women, people working in the public sector earn 32.3% more than other people in the private sector and finally married people earn 41.6% more than single people.