نشانِ نامه يا سحاي نامه؟ تصحيح بيتي از رودكي

Sign of the Letter (Neshan-e Nameh) or Seal of the Letter (Sahay-e Nameh)? Correction of a Verse Composed by Rudaki

قصيدۀ دندانيه يكي از معدود قصايد رودكي سمرقندي است كه خوشبختانه از دستبرد حوادث و فتن محفوظ مانده و در زمرۀ ميراث ارزشمند ادب فارسي ثبت شده است. ظاهراً در اين قصيدۀ رودكي از نظر شمار ابيات و ضبط لغات، دگرگوني‌هاي چندان زيادي پديد نيامده است. در مقالۀ حاضر، كوشيده شده بر پايۀ معيارهاي سبك‌شناسانه و نيز شواهد گونه‌گون ادب فارسي و گه‌گاه عربي، براي تصحيح بيت: «دلم خزانۀ پرگنج بود و گنج سخن/ نشان نامۀ ما مهر و شعر عنوان بود» پيشنهادهايي مطرح گردد. مصحان و شارحان ديوان رودكي، «مُهر» را در مصرع دوم به صورت «مِهر» حركت‌گذاري و معني كرده‌اند، حال آن‌كه با توجه به ساير اجزاي بيت، «نامه» و «عنوان»، مي‌توان دريافت كه بايد آن را به صورت «مُهر» خواند. البته دليل اين اشتباه شارحان، تلاش براي معني‌دار كردن مصراع دوم بوده است غافل از اين‌كه گشتگي و تصحيف «سحاي نامه» به «نشانِ نامه» اشكال اصلي‌اي است كه در بيت رخ داده است.

“Dandanieh” is one of the few odes composed by Rudaki Samarkandi, which has fortunately been preserved from looting and insurrections and has been registered as a valuable heritage of Persian literature. Apparently, in this poem by Rudaki, there have not been many changes in terms of the number of lines and the preservation of words. In the present article, based on stylistic criteria as well as various evidences of Persian literature and occasionally Arabic, an attempt has been made to correct the following verse: “My heart was a treasury full of treasure and a treasure of speech, the seal was our sign of the Letter and the title of our poem.” The editors and commentators of Rudaki's Collection of Poems have made diacritic placement and interpreted "Seal" (Mohr) as "Affection" (Mehr) in the second hemistich. According to the other components of the verse such as "letter" and "title," however, it can be understood that this word should be considered as "seal"(Mohr). Of course, the commentators’ mistake was due to the attempt to make the second hemistich meaningful, unaware that the word change and misspelling of "Saha-Nameh" (Seal of the Letter) to "Neshan-Nameh" (Sign of the Letter) is the main problem that has occurred in the verse.