مديريت آلودگي ورودي به رودخانه با استفاده از الگوريتم بهينه سازي ازدحام ذرات، مطالعه موردي: رودخانه قشلاق

River Pollution Discharge Management Using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm, Case Study: Gheshlagh River

آﻟﻮدهﺷﺪن آبﻫﺎي ﺳﻄﺤﯽ ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ، ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﺟﺪي را در راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ اﻧﺴﺎن و ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد آورده اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻦ راهﺣﻞﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﺎرآﻣﺪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﮐﺎﻫﺶ آﺳﯿﺐ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻨﻨﺪه و ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ از ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ، ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﺿﺮوري ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ، راﻫﮑﺎري را ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﮐﺎﻫﺶ آﺳﯿﺐ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﻟﮕﻮرﯾﺘﻢ PSOﻣﯽدﻫﺪ. ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻗﺸﻼق در ﮐﺮدﺳﺘﺎن اﯾﺮان ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﯿﺺ ورود ﺑﺎر آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ در ﺳﺎﻋﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﺒﺎﻧﻪ روز ﺑﻮده و 8ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻧﻘﻄﻪاي، آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ را وارد رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻗﺸﻼق ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ . ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ در ﺗﻤﺎم ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺷﺒﺎﻧﻪروز، ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ آب از رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻗﺸﻼق ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ دﺳﺖ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. 192 ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ از ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺟﺮم آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ورودي از اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ در ﺳﺎﻋﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﺒﺎﻧﻪ روز ﻣﯽ-ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ و 8ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ دﯾﮕﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ورود آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﺑﻪ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ در ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺷﺪه ﻏﻠﻈﺖ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ از ﺣﺪ ﻣﺠﺎز ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﻧﺮﻓﺖ، در ﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ در ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻧﺸﺪه ﻏﻠﻈﺖ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ در ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از دﻗﺎﯾﻖ در ﻃﻮل رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻗﺸﻼق، از ﺣﺪ ﻣﺠﺎز ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﻣﯽرود . ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ زﻣﺎﻧﯽ را ﺑﺮاي ورود آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﺑﻪ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ، ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ آﺳﯿﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻨﻨﺪه را ﮐﺎﻫﺶ داد، ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪاي ﮐﻪ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻫﺪف ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان 97/7% ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ.

Pollution of surface water especially rivers has created serious problems for both human health and environment. Finding efficient solutions for controlling river pollution is essential in order to reduce damage for the consumer to protect the environment. In this research, river quality management planning is determined in a way that minimized the rate of pollution damage with using particle swarm optimization. The case study is Gheshlagh River in Iran, Kurdistan province. The timetable for entering contamination is at different hours of the day, and eight source points enter contamination to the Gheshlagh River. Also in all hours of the day, water harvesting from the Gheshlagh River is carried out by the downstream consumers. The 192 of decision variables of this research are corresponding to the amount of contamination entering from these sources at different times. Also, 8 decision variables are corresponding to the optimal location of contamination entering to the river. The results indicate that in the optimal condition the value of contamination does not exceed from the allowable limited. However in the unmanaged condition, the contamination value exceeds the allowable limit. The river quality management planning which determines the optimal location and the timetable of pollution discharge, reduced significantly consumer's damages. So that the objective function of this study was reduced by 97.7%.