پديد آورندگان :
ﻓﺮح زا، ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻧﻮﯾﺪ دانشگاه بين‌المللي امام خميني (ره) - دانشكده كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي - گروه علوم و مهندسي آب، قزوين، ايران , ﻧﻈﺮي، ﺑﯿﮋن دانشگاه بين‌المللي امام خميني (ره) - دانشكده كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي - گروه علوم و مهندسي آب، قزوين، ايران
كليدواژه :
اﻟﮕﻮي ﺳﻪﺑﻌﺪي , آﻣﻮزش ﺑﺎﻏﺪاران , ﻧﯿﺎزﺳﻨﺠﯽ آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ , زارﻋﯿﻦ
چكيده فارسي :
در ﺣﺎل ﺣﺎﺿﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﭘﺎﯾﺪار از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب، ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻗﺮن ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه در ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﺧﺸـﮏ و ﻧﯿﻤـﻪ ﺧﺸـﮏ اﺳـﺖ. اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده ﺻـﺤﯿﺢ از ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي آﺑﯿﺎري ﺗﺤﺖﻓﺸﺎر ﻣﻮﺟﺐ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺑﻬﺮهوري در ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. اﯾـﻦ ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮر ارزﯾـﺎﺑﯽ ﻧﯿﺎزﻫـﺎي آﻣﻮزﺷـﯽ ﮐﺸﺎورزان داراي ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ آﺑﯿﺎري ﺗﺤﺖﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮد ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﺑﺎ ﮐﻢآﺑﯽ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻗﺰوﯾﻦ اﻧﺠـﺎم ﺷـﺪ. ﺑـﺮاي ﻧﯿﺎزﺳـﻨﺠﯽ آﻣﻮزﺷـﯽ ﮐﺸﺎورزان از اﻟﮕﻮي ﺳﻪﺑﻌﺪي ﮐﺎﻓﻤﻦ، ﮐﻮرﯾﮕﺎن و ﺟﺎﻧﺴﻮن و روش دﻟﻔﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸـﺎن داد آﮔـﺎﻫﯽ و ﻣﻬﺎرت ﮐﺸﺎورزان از ﻧﻈﺮ ﮐﺸﺎورزان ، ﺻـﺎﺣﺐﻧﻈﺮان و آﻣﻮزﺷـﮕﺮان" ﺑـﺮاي زارﻋـﯿﻦ ﺑـﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 3/10±1/26، 2/25±0/76و 2/23±0/81 و ﺑــﺮاي ﺑﺎﻏــﺪاران ﺑــﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 2/31±0/75 ،3/69±1/1 و 2/45±0/87 )از اﻣﺘﯿــﺎز ﮐــﻞ5( اﺳــﺖ. آﮔــﺎﻫﯽ و ﻣﻬــﺎرت ﮐﺸﺎورزان در اﮐﺜﺮ ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه از دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﺻﺎﺣﺐﻧﻈﺮان و آﻣﻮزﺷﮕﺮان ﮐﻤﺘﺮ از ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﺘﻮﺳـﻂ )اﻣﺘﯿـﺎز 3( اﺳـﺖ. ﭘـﺮ اﻫﻤﯿﺖﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺳﻪ دﯾـﺪﮔﺎه ﻓـﻮق ﺑـﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻣﺮﺑـﻮط ﺑـﻪ ﮔﻮﯾـﻪﻫﺎي »ﺗﻌﯿـﯿﻦ زﻣـﺎن آﺑﯿـﺎري ﺑـﺎ اﺑﺰارﻫـﺎ و ﻓﻨﺎوريﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﯾﺪ«، »ﻧﺤﻮه آﺑﯿﺎري ﺧﺎص ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮع ﻣﺤﺼﻮل« و »ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻖ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧـﻮع ﺳـﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ آﺑﯿـﺎري« ﺑـﺮاي زارﻋـﯿﻦ و »ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻠﻔﺎت آب در اﺳﺘﺨﺮﻫﺎي آﺑﯿﺎري«، »ﻧﺤﻮه آﺑﯿﺎري ﺧﺎص ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮع ﻣﺤﺼﻮل« و »ﻧﺤـﻮه ﺑﻬﺮهﺑـﺮداري از ﺳـﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي آﺑﯿـﺎري ﺗﺤﺖﻓﺸﺎر« ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎﻏﺪاران ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ اوﻟﻮﯾﺖﻫـﺎي ﺗﻌﺮﯾـﻒ ﺳﺮﻓﺼـﻞﻫﺎ و دورهﻫـﺎي آﻣﻮزﺷـﯽ ﺑـﺮاي ﮐﺸـﺎورزان داراي ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ آﺑﯿﺎري ﺗﺤﺖﻓﺸﺎر را ﻧﺸﺎن داد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﮐﺸـﺎورزان ﺑـﻪ اﻫﻤﯿـﺖ و ﺿـﺮورت آﻣـﻮزش آﮔﺎﻫﯽ دارﻧﺪ و ﺑﺮاي آﻣﻮزش اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻫﺎي آﯾﻨﺪه ﺑﺮ روي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﯿﻮهﻫﺎي آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﺑـﺎ ﺷـﺮاﯾﻂ اﻗﻠﯿﻤـﯽ، ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﯾﺎﺑﺪ.
چكيده لاتين :
Sustainable use of water resources is now the challenge of the century,
especially in arid and semi-arid countries. The use of pressurized
irrigation systems improves the water productivity of plants if used
properly. This study was to assess the educational needs assessment of
agriculturalists with pressurized irrigation system with water scarcity
adaptation. The three-dimensional model of Kauffman, Corrigan, and
Johnson, and the Delphi method were used for the educational needs
assessment of agriculturalists. The findings showed that agriculturalists'
knowledge and skills in terms of "agriculturalists", "experts" and
"trainers" were 3.11±1.26, 2.26±0.76, and 2.24±0.81, respectively for
farmers and 3.69±1.1, 2.31±0.75, and 2.45±0.87 (out of 5 points),
respectively for horticulturists. Knowledge of agriculturalists in most
educational needs, especially from the point of view of experts and
trainers, is below average (score 3). The most important educational needs
based on three perspectives were "determination of irrigation time with
new tools and technologies", "specific irrigation mode for each crop"
"adaptation of farm management with irrigation system type" for farmers,
and "water loss reduction in irrigation ponds", "specific irrigation mode
for each crop" and "how to operate pressurized irrigation systems" for
horticulturists. The results of this study showed the priorities of defining
the headings and training courses for agriculturalists with a pressurized
irrigation system. The findings also showed that agriculturalists are aware
of the importance and necessity of education and that for effective
education future research should focus on identifying educational
practices appropriate to the climate, cultural, and social conditions.
