تعيين طول بهينه شيار و كاربرد مدل SIRMOD در شبيه‌سازي آبياري جويچه‌اي

Determination of Optimum Furrow length and Application of SIRMOD Model in Furrow Irrigation Simulation

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه آﺑﯿﺎري ﺳﻄﺤﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ آﺑﯿﺎري ﮐﻞ ﮐﺸﻮر را ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد اﺧﺘﺼﺎص ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ و ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ارﺗﻘﺎي راﻧﺪﻣﺎن آﺑﯿﺎري ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ. ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻧﺮماﻓﺰارﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ و ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ روشﻫﺎي آﺑﯿﺎري ﺳﻄﺤﯽ ﻣﺪل SIRMOD اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻣﺪل ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﺑﺴﺘﻪ SIRMOD ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر، از 3 ﺳﺮي داده ﻣﺰرﻋﻪاي اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ ﮐﺒﻮﺗﺮآﺑﺎد )اﺻﻔﻬﺎن(، ﻫﺎﺷﻢ آﺑﺎد )ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران( و زرﻗﺎن )ﻓﺎرس( ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻟﻮم رﺳﯽ ﺳﯿﻠﺘﯽ، ﻟﻮم رﺳﯽ ﺳﯿﻠﺘﯽ و رس ﺳﯿﻠﺘﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. اﺑﺘﺪا ﻃﻮل ﺷﯿﺎر ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺳﻪ روش ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﻓﺎﺋﻮ، ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺧﺎك آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ و واﮐﺮ - اﺳﮑﻮﮔﺮﺑﻮ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺬﮐﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﻃﻮل ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 120، 200و 100ﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي آﻣﺎري ﻧﻈﯿﺮ ME ،NRMSEو Rﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪه و ﺷﺒﯿﻪﺳﺎزي ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺪلﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در SIRMODﺣﺎﮐﯽ از دﻗﺖ ﺑﺎﻻي اﯾﻦ ﻣﺪلﻫﺎ در ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﭘﯿﺸﺮوي و ﭘﺴﺮوي آب در ﺟﻮﯾﭽﻪ ﺑﻮد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﺪل ﻫﯿﺪرودﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮏ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ دو ﻣﺪل اﯾﻨﺮﺳﯽ ﺻﻔﺮ و ﻣﻮج ﺳﯿﻨﻤﺎﺗﯿﮏ در ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻨﯽ زﻣﺎنﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﺸﺮوي و ﭘﺴﺮوي داراي دﻗﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮي اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺧﻄﺎي اﯾﻦ ﻣﺪلﻫﺎ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺗﺨﻤﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان رواﻧﺎب ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان 5درﺻﺪ و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ آن ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻧﻔﻮذ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان 2/7 درﺻﺪ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﻣﺪلﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ي SIRMOD ﻣﯿﺰان ﻧﻔﻮذ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﯽ در ﺧﺎك را ﺑﺎ دﻗﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان رواﻧﺎب ﺑﺮآورد ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﮐﻠﯽ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار SIRMODدر ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ آﺑﯿﺎري ﺟﻮﯾﭽﻪ اي از ﮐﺎرآﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار اﺳﺖ و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده اﯾﻦ اﺑﺰار ﻗﺪرﺗﻤﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد.

Surface irrigation is the most irrigated area in the entire country. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate this irrigation system due to improve irrigation efficiency. One of the existing software for assessing surface irrigation methods is SIRMOD model. In this study, a few models in the SIRMOD package were evaluated. In hence, three data groups of research stations of Kabutarabad (Isfahan), Hashem Abad (Mazandaran) and Zarghan (Fars) were used as local inputs. The soil texture of these fields was silty clay loam, silty clay loam and silty clay respectively. First, the length of the Furrow was investigated by using three methods: FAO, SCS and W&S. Optimum Furrow length in these areas was determined as 120, 200 and 100 meters, respectively. The results of reliability indices such as NRMSE, ME and R2 were used to compare simulated and measured values of the parameters which indicated the high accuracy of the models those have performed well in predicting advanced and recession time in furrow. The results also revealed that the hydrodynamic model was more accurate than the two zero-inertia and kinematic inertia models in predicting advanced and recession times. According to the results of this study, the highest error of these models was related to estimating the amount of runoff at 5% and the lowest was related to the infiltration depth at 2.7%. Therefore, the models in the SIRMOD package estimate the cumulative infiltration rate in the soil to be higher than the runoff rate.