كليدواژه :
زنجيره‌ي تأمين ماسك , طراحي شبكه‌ي زنجيره‌ي تأمين , زنجيره‌ي تأمين حلقه‌بسته , رويكرد بهينه‌سازي فازي , اثرات زيست‌محيطي
چكيده فارسي :
استفاده از ماسك‌ها مهمترين ابزار مقابله‌ي اجتماعي با انواع ويروس‌ها، از جمله ويروس كروناست. در اين تحقيق به طراحي شبكه‌ي زنجيره‌ي تأمين حلقه‌بسته
براي انواع ماسك‌ها پرداخته شده است. زنجيره‌ي مورد مطالعه شامل تأمين‌كنندگان، توليدكنندگان، توزيع‌كنندگان و خرده‌فروشان در زنجيره‌ي پيشرو و مراكز جمع‌آوري، مراكز جداسازي، مراكز بازيافت و مراكز دفع در زنجيره‌ي برگشتي است. در اين‌جا يك مدل برنامه‌ريزي رياضي دوهدفه با اهداف افزايش سود زنجيره‌ي تأمين و كاهش اثرات زيست‌محيطي ارائه مي‌شود؛ بهينه‌سازي اين مدل رياضي با رويكرد بهينه‌سازي فازي در محيط نرم‌افزار GAMS انجام گرفته است. نتايج اين تحقيق نشان مي‌دهد كه اهداف بيشينه‌سازي سود نهايي و كمينه‌سازي اثرات زيست‌محيطي در تقابل با يكديگرند زيرا كاهش اثرات زيست‌محيطي منجر به افزايش كل هزينه
مي‌شود و سود سازمان را كاهش مي‌دهد. همچنين افزايش تقاضا براي انواع ماسك، سود زنجيره را به‌صورت خطي افزايش مي‌دهد اما تأثير آن بر اثرات زيست‌محيطي زنجيره، رفتاري غيرخطي دارد.
چكيده لاتين :
The outbreak of the deadly coronavirus, which is increasing the number of victims every day, has created many changes in today's world. The use of masks is the most important social tool against this virus. This pandemic has caused a dramatic shortage in the medical supplies needed to treat the virus due to a massive surge in demand as the disease circled the globe during the first half of 2020. Given the importance of rapid and efficient supply of masks in the current situation, it is necessary to study its supply chain in particular. A supply chain is a set of activities including purchase, production, and transportation in order to deliver goods or services to customers.
In this research, the design of the closed chain supply chain network for different types of masks is assessed. The studied supply chain includes
suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and retailers in the forward flow and collection centers, separate centers, recycling centers, and disposal centers in the backward flow. In this regard, a bi-objective mathematical model with the objectives of increasing the total profit and reducing the total environmental impact is presented. In this problem, there are some potential locations for collection, recycling, and disposal centers and the model should decide on the location of the established centers as well as the number of produced masks and raw materials. The optimization of this mathematical model was done using fuzzy epsilon-constraint method in GAMS software. The epsilon-constraint method has an advantage that generates Pareto solutions to multi-objective problems.
The sample problems are generated using the data of a company in Isfahan, Iran. This company produces 3-layer medical masks and N95 masks, and three raw materials of fabric, mask band, and exhalation valve are used. The results show that maximizing the total profit and minimizing the environmental effects are in contrast to each other, because reducing the environmental impact leads to an increase in total costs and thus, reduction in the organization's profit. Also, increasing demand for mask types increases the profit of the supply chain
linearly, but its impact on the chain's environmental impact is completely nonlinear.
