جنگهاي مماليك بحري با شيعيان شام: مطالعة موردي شيعيان جُرد، جُبَيل و كَسرُوان

Bahri Mamluk Wars with Sham Shiites: A Case Study of Jurd, Jubail and Kaservan Shiites

سركوبي شيعيان كه از دورة ايوبيان معمول شد، توسط مملوكان نيز تداوم يافت و در اين ميان، مماليك بحري به گونه اي هدفمند، در سالهاي 682- 705ق به مناطق جُرد، جُبَيل و كَسروان يورشها بردند؛ پرسش اصلي مقاله اين است كه، زمينه ها، علل و پيامدهاي حملات بدين مناطق و نيز واكنش شيعيان چه بود؟ يافته هاي پژوهش نشان مي دهد آنان با استفاده از فتواهايِ ابن تيميّه و با هدفِ تاديب شيعيانِ جُرد، جُبَيل و كَسروان و نيز سيادتِ مذهبي اهل سنّت، بدين كار دست يازيدند و پيامد آن، كشتار وسيع شيعيان، ويراني مناطق مذكور و اقطاعِ نظاميِ آنها به طوايف سني براي تعقيب شيعيان بود كه ناامني و نيز مهاجرت شيعيان را در پي داشت و باعث شد آنان ناگزير براي بقا، تقيّه را پيشه ساخته، به تسنّن تظاهر كنند. با اين همه، اين امر از منازعات مذهبي ميان موافقان و مخالفانِ ابن تيميّه براي فشار حداكثريِ حكومت بر شيعيان نكاست و از اين رو، سلطان مملوكي ابن تيميّه را از ورود به مسايل تفرقه برانگيز مذهبي منع و از شيخ الشيوخي اهل تسنّن عزل كرد.

The suppression of Shiites, which became common since the Ayyubid period, was continued by the Mamluks. an‎d in the meantime, the Bahri Mamluk sultans made targeted raids in the years 682-705 AH to the Shiite areas of Jurd, Jubail and Kaservan. The main question of the article is, what were the grounds, causes and consequences of the attacks in these areas and also the reaction of the Shiites? The findings of the research show that they achieved this by using Ibn Taymiyyah's fatwas and with the aim of disciplining the Shiites of Jurd, Jubail, and Kaservan, as well as religious sovereignty, and the result of this was the mass slaughter of Shiites, the destruction of the mentioned Shiite areas, and their military subjugation to clans of Sunni was to persecute the Shiites which resulted in insecurity as well as the migration of Shiites and caused them to pretend to be Sunnah by making taqiyyah their profession for survival. However, this did not stop the religious conflicts between supporters and opponents of Ibn Taymiyyah for the maximum pressure of the government on the Shiites. an‎d therefore, the Mamluk sultan forbade Ibn Taymiyyah from entering into divisive religious issues and dismissed him from Sheikh Al-Shiyukhi Ahl al-Sunni.