تاثير تعصبات فرقه اي در ناامني مرزهاي ايران و عثماني (1195ق. /1782م. تا 1250ق. /1834م. )

Effect of Sectarian Prejudices in the Insecurity of Iranian and Ottoman Borders (1195 A.H./1782 A.D. to 1250 A.H./1834 A.D.)

ناامني در حاشيه مرزهاي غربي ايران در دوره قاجاريه عوامل مختلفي داشت و تعصبات مذهبي يكي از زمينه هاي بي ثباتي مناطق مرزي ايران و عثماني بود. هدف اين تحقيق بازشناسي زمينه هاي مذهبي بحران زا در سرحدات غربي ايران بوده و مقاله با روش توصيف تاريخي و اسنادي, در پي پاسخ به اين پرسش است: تعصبات فرقه اي چه تاثيري در وقوع ناامني و بي ثباتي در مناطق مرزي بين ايران و عثماني داشته است؟ فرض مي شود كه شيوه زندگي ايلي و تعصبات فرقه اي از عوامل بروز ناآرامي ها در حاشيه مرزهاي غربي ايران و بروز تنش در مناسبات ايران و عثماني بوده اند. يافته هاي تحقيق حاكي از آن است كه وجود اماكن مقدس و رفت و آمد زايران از چالش هاي بحران زا بين ايران و عثماني بوده اند كه پس از كشتار شيعيان عراق توسط وهابي ها, به جنگ بين دو همسايه انجاميد. در اين بين, كشورهاي اروپايي از يك سو با حمايت از وهابيان و از سوي ديگر با دخالت در تعيين خطوط مرزي, اجازه ندادند, اين اختلافات به طور كامل ريشه كن گردد.

The insecurity of Iran's western borders during the Qajar era had various factors, and religious prejudices were one of the reasons for the instability of Iran and Ottoman border areas. The aim of this research is to identify the religious contexts that cause crisis in the western borders of Iran, and the article, using the method of "historical description" and "documents", seeks to answer this question: What effect did religious beliefs have on the occurrence of insecurity and instability in the border areas between Iran and the Ottoman Empire? It is assumed that two groups of factors caused these unrests: firstly, local factors whose political and religious dimensions were reflected in Iran and Ottoman relations, and other external factors that were completely dependent on the actions of the European colonial powers. The findings of the research indicate that: the existence of holy places and the movement of pilgrims have been one of the crisis-causing challenges between Iran and the Ottomans, which led to a war between the two neighbors after the killing of Iraqi Shiites by the Wahhabis. In the meantime, the European countries, on the one hand, by supporting the Wahhabis and on the other hand, by interfering in determining the border lines, did not allow these differences to be completely eradicated.