تأثيرخدمت سربازي بر ميزان خطر پذيري و ترجيح زماني جامعه

The effect of military service on the level of risk taking and time preference of society

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﺗﺮﺟﯿﺢ زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت اﺧﻼﻗﯽ ﻫﺮ ﻓﺮد ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﯽ آﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ روﺣﯿـ ﻪ اي ﮐﻪ ﻓﺮد دارد، ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ داراي ﺗﺮﺟﯿﺢ زﻣﺎﻧﯽ زﯾﺎد و ﯾﺎ ﮐـﻢ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ . ﻫـﺪف از اﯾـﻦ ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ، ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴـﻪ ﻣﯿـﺰان ﺧﻄﺮ ﭘﺬﯾﺮي و ﺗﺮﺟﯿﺢ زﻣﺎﻧﯽ در ﺟﻮاﻧﺎن ﻫﻢ ﺳﻦ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐـﻪ در دو ﻣﺤـﯿﻂ ﻣﺘﻔـﺎوت ﺳـﺮﺑﺎزي و داﻧﺸـﮕﺎه ﻣﺸﻐﻮل ﺑﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. روش: روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ از ﻧﻮع ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ اﺳﺖ و ازﻧﻈﺮ ﻫﺪف، ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي اﺳﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﻪ آﻣـﺎري ﻣﻮردﺑﺮرﺳﯽ، ﻣﺘﺸﮑﻞ از 100 ﺳﺮﺑﺎز ﮐﻪ دوران ﺳﺮﺑﺎزي ﺧﻮد را ﺳﭙﺮي ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ و 72 داﻧﺸﺠﻮ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺳﻨﯽ 24 ﺳﺎل و داﻣﻨﻪ ﺳﻨﯽ 19 ﺗﺎ 26 ﺳﺎل را دارا ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ و ﻧﯿﺰ ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟـﯽ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ 58 ﻧﻮﺟـﻮان ﺑـ ﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺳﻨﯽ 16/6 ﺳﺎل و داﻣﻨﻪ ﺳﻨﯽ 15 ﺗﺎ 18 ﺳﺎل ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﮐـﻪ ﺑـ ﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﮔﯿـﺮي ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺳﺎده اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. داده ﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷـﺪه، ﺑـﺎ آزﻣـﻮن ﻫـﺎي ﺗﻮﺻـ ﯿﻔﯽ )ﻣﯿـﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ و اﻧﺤـﺮاف اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد( ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺮخ ﺗﻨﺰﯾﻞ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ دو ﮔﺮوه ﺳﺮﺑﺎزان و داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﺎﻻ در ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻋﻤﺪه در ﻧﮕﺮش دو ﮔﺮوه ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﻪ آﻣـﺎري در زﻣﯿﻨـﻪ ﺗـﺮﺟﯿ ﺢ زﻣـﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺣﮑﺎﯾﺖ از ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﯿﺎن دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻫﺎي ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺗـﺮﺟﯿﺢ زﻣـﺎﻧﯽ ﻣـﯽ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ . ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﺣﮑﺎﯾﺖ از ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺗﺮ ﺑﻮدن ﺧﻄﺮ ﮔﺮﯾﺰي در ﺳﺮﺑﺎزان ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن دارد. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺳﺮﺑﺎزان ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ دو ﮔﺮوه دﯾﮕﺮ ﻗﺪرت ﺧﻄـﺮ ﭘـﺬﯾﺮي و ﺗﺮﺟﯿﺢ زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮي را دارا ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. اﯾﻦ اﻣﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن از آن دارد ﮐﻪ ﺳـﺮﺑﺎزان ﻧﺴـﺒﺖ ﺑـﻪ دو ﮔـﺮوه دﯾﮕـﺮ ﻗﺪرت ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﮔﯿﺮي ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮي را در ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ ﺣﺴﺎس ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻣﯽ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪ. درواﻗﻊ ﺑﺎور ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻗﺪرت ﺧﻄﺮ ﭘﺬﯾﺮي و ﺗﺮﺟﯿﺢ زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺎﻻي ﺳﺮﺑﺎزان ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از زﻧﺪﮔﯽ در ﯾﮏ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻧﻈـﺎﻣﯽ ﺑـﺎ ﺧﻄـﺮ ﺑـﺎﻻ و شرايط دشوار مي باشد

Background and Aim: Time preference is one of the moral characteristics of each person, which depending on the mood of the person that can have a high or low time preference. The aim of this research is to compare the level of risk taking and time preference in young people who are active in two different military and university settings. Method: The method of the present research is descriptive-analytical and is applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population consisted of 100 soldiers who are serving in the army and 72 students who have an average age of 24 years and an age range of 19 to 26 years, and a control group including 58 adolescents with an average age of 16.6 years and an age range of They are 15 to 18 years old and were selected using simple random sampling method. The collected data were Finding: The Findings indicate that the discount rate is very high for both groups of soldiers and students and the high variance in the results indicates a major difference in the attitudes of the two groups in the field of time preference, indicating differences between the views of the statistical community in terms of time preference. . The obtained results indicate that the risk aversion is lower in soldiers than in students. Conclusion: The results of this article indicate that soldiers have higher risk power and time preference than the other two groups. This indicates that soldiers experience higher decision-making power in critical situations than the other two groups. In fact, the authors believe that the high risk and temporal preference of soldiers is due to living in a military environment with high risk and difficult conditions