بررسي علل بروز و راه هاي پيشگيري از رفتارهاي پرخطر سربازان وظيفه

Investigating the causes of prevent high-risk behaviors of conscripts

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫـﺪف : ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ ﭘﺪﯾـﺪه ﻣﺸـﮑﻼت رﻓﺘـﺎري ﻣﻮﺿـﻮﻋﯽ ﺗﺨﺼﺼـﯽ ، ﭘﯿﭽﯿـﺪه ، ﻋﻠﻤـﯽ و ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﻮر ﻣﻌﻤﻮل ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﭘﯿﺸـﮕﯿﺮي اﺳـﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﻣـﯽ ﺗـﻮان ﺑـﺎ ﺑﻬـﺮه ﮔﯿـﺮي از داﻧـﺶ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼـﺎن و روش ﻫـﺎي ﻋﻠﻤـﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ و ﺑــﺎ ﻧﮕـﺎﻫﯽ ﺟﺪﯾــﺪ و دورﻧﮕـﺮ ، ﻋﻠــﻞ ﺑـﺮوز اﯾــﻦ ﭘﺪﯾـﺪه رﻓﺘــﺎري و راه ﻫـﺎي ﭘﯿﺸــﮕﯿﺮي از آن را ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﺮد. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑـﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ ﻋﻮاﻣـﻞ ﻣـﺆﺛﺮ در ﺑـﺮوز ﻣﺸـﮑﻼت رﻓﺘـﺎري ﺳـﺮﺑﺎزان وﻇﯿﻔـﻪ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. روش: اﯾــﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌــﻪ ﺑــﻪ روش دﻟﻔــﯽ اﻧﺠــﺎم ﺷــﺪ. در اﺑﺘــﺪا درﺧﺼــﻮص اﻫﻤﯿــﺖ ﺑﺮرﺳــﯽ ﻣﻮﺿــﻮع ﺗﻮﺿﯿﺤﯽ داده ﺷﺪه و ﺳـﭙﺲ ﺑـﻪ ﻣـﺮور ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫـﺎ و ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﺎت ﭘﯿﺸـﯿﻦ در اﯾـﻦ زﻣﯿﻨـﻪ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘـﻪ ﺷـﺪه اﺳــﺖ. اﻋﻀــﺎي ﻫﯿﺌــﺖ ﺧﺒﺮﮔــﯽ )ﻣﯿــﺰ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼــﺎن( ﺑــﺮاي اﯾــﻦ ﭘــﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑــﻪ ﺻــﻮرت ﻧﻤﻮﻧــﻪ ﮔﯿــﺮي ﻏﯿﺮاﺣﺘﻤــﺎﻟﯽ و ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒــﯽ از روش ﻫــﺎي ﻫــﺪف دار ﯾــﺎ ﻗﻀــﺎوﺗﯽ و زﻧﺠﯿــﺮه اي ﺑﺮﮔﺰﯾــﺪه ﺷــﺪﻧﺪ. اﺑــﺰار ﮔــﺮدآوري داده ﻫــﺎ، ﭘﺮﺳﺸــﻨﺎﻣﻪ اﺳــﺖ.ﭘﺲ از ﺗﺤﻠﯿــﻞ ﯾﺎﻓﺘــﻪ ﻫــﺎ ، ﻣﺤــﺪودﯾﺖ ﻫــﺎ و ﭘﯿﺸــﻨﻬﺎدﻫﺎﯾﯽ اراﺋــﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘــﻪ ﻫــﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﯿــﻖ: ﺑﺮاﺳــﺎس ﯾﺎﻓﺘــﻪ ﻫــﺎي اﯾــﻦ ﭘــﮋوﻫﺶ، اﻋﻀــﺎي ﻫﯿﺌــﺖ ﺧﺒﺮﮔــﯽ درﻣﺠﻤــﻮع 30 ﻋﺎﻣﻞ را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮان ﻋﻮاﻣـﻞ ﻣـ ﺆﺛﺮ ﺑـﺮ ﺑـﺮوز رﻓﺘﺎرﻫـﺎي ﭘﺮﺧﻄـﺮ ﺳـﺮﺑﺎزان ﺗﺸـﺨﯿﺺ داده اﻧـﺪ. ﻻزم ﺑـﻪ ذﮐـﺮ اﺳـﺖ ﮐـﻪ 15 ﻋﺎﻣــﻞ از اﯾـﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣـﻞ در ﭘــﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫـﺎ و ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﺎت ﭘﯿﺸــﯿﻦ و 15 ﻋﺎﻣـ ﻞ دﯾﮕـﺮ را اﻋﻀــﺎي ﻫﯿﺌــﺖ ﺧﺒﺮﮔــﯽ اراﺋــﻪ ﮐــﺮده اﻧــﺪ. اﯾــﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣــﻞ ﺑــﻪ ﭘــﻨﺞ دﺳــﺘﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣــﻞ ﻣــﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ، ﻓــﺮدي، ﮐﻨﺸــﯽ، روان ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ازآﻧﺠﺎﮐـﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣـﻞ روان ﺷـﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮان ﻣﻬـﻢ ﺗـﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣـﻞ و ﻣﺆﻟﻔـﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﻋﻠـﻞ ﺑـﺮوز رﻓﺘﺎرﻫــﺎي ﭘﺮﺧﻄــﺮ ﺳــﺮﺑﺎزان وﻇﯿﻔــﻪ ﻣﺸــﺨﺺ ﺷــﺪه اﺳــﺖ؛ ﭘﯿﺸــﻨﻬﺎد ﻣــﯽ ﺷــﻮد ﮐــﻪ ﺗﻘﻮﯾــﺖ ﻣﺮاﮐــﺰ ﻣﺸــﺎوره و اراﺋــﻪ ﺧــﺪﻣﺎت ﻣﺸــﺎوره اي و ﻣــﺪدﮐﺎري درزﻣﯿﻨــﻪ ﻓــﺮدي و ﮔﺮوﻫــﯽ ﻣﻮﺟــﻮد در ﯾﮕــﺎن ﻫــﺎي ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ و اﻧﺘﻈﺎﻣﯽ در دﺳﺘﻮر ﮐﺎر ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﻦ ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد.

Background and Aim: The research of the phenomenon of behavioral problems is a specialized, complex, scientific and usually preventable subject that can be identified by using the knowledge of experts and appropriate scientific methods and with a new and far-sighted view, the causes of this behavioral phenomenon and ways to prevent it. In this research have been investigated, the effective factors in the occurrence of behavioral problems of conscripts. Method: This research was performed by Delphi method. First, the importance of researching the subject is explained and then the previous researches and studies in this field are reviewed. Members of expert panel were selected for this research by non-probability sampling and a combination of purposeful or judgmental and chain methods. The data collection tool is a questionnaire. After analyzing the findings, limitations and suggestions are provided. Findings: Based on the findings of this research, members of the panel of experts have identified a total of 30 factors as effective factors in the occurrence of high-risk behaviors of soldiers. It should be noted that 15 of these factors have been presented by panel members in previous research and studies and another 15 factors. These factors are divided into five categories of managerial, individual, action, psychological and structural factors. Conclusion: Since psychological factors have been identified as the most important factors and components of the causes of high-risk behaviors of conscripts; It is suggested that the strengthening of counseling centers and the provision of counseling and assistance services in the field of individuals and groups in the military and law enforcement units be on the agenda of the authorities.