ارتباط ترنج و سرترنجِ قالي ايراني با حقيقت محمديه

The Association of Medallion and Head-Medallion of Iranian Carpet with the Truth of Muhammadiyah (in Carpets of the Safavid era)

ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄوﯾﻠﯽ و ﺣﮑﻤﯽ ﻃﺮح ﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﻟﯽ اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺑﺘﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻪ و آراي ﺣﮑﻤﺎ و ﻋﺮﻓﺎي ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎن، ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮ ﯾﻦ روش ﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻠﯿـﻞ ﺻـﻮرت و ﻣﺤﺘﻮ اي اﯾﻦ آﺛﺎر اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻨﺮﻣﻨﺪان اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻧﻮع آﻣﻮزش اﺳﺘﺎدﺷﺎﮔﺮدي، رواﺑﻂ ﺻﻨﻔﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي اﺻﻮل ﻓﺘﯿﺎن، زﯾﺴﺖ و ﺑﺎورﻫـﺎي ﻣـﺬﻫﺒﯽ، ﻫﻤﻮاره ﻣﺘﺄﺛﺮ از ﺗﻔﮑﺮات ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﯽ و ﺻﻮﻓﯿﺎﻧﻪ اي ﺑﻮده اﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﺟﺎﻣﻌﮥ اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه در ﻋﺼﺮ ﺻﻔﻮي ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻐﻔﻮل ﻣﺎﻧﺪن اﯾﻦ وﺟـﻪ از ﻫﻨﺮﻫﺎي اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﺑﺴﯿﺎري ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ، رأي ﺑﺮ ﺻﺮﻓﺎً ﺗﺰﯾﯿﻨﯽ و ﺧﺎﻟﯽ از ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﺑﻮدن آن ﻫﺎ داده ﺷﻮد. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ روﺷـﯽ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ و ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ اﺳﻨﺎدي و ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي در ﺣﻮز ۀ ﻧﮕﺎرﮔﺮي، ﻗﺎﻟﯽ و ﻋﺮﻓﺎن، ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺻـﻮﻓﯿﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻧﮕﺎرﮔﺮان ﻋﺼﺮ ﺻﻔﻮي و ﺑﺎزﺗﺎب آن در ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﻗﺎﻟﯽ اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ و ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮص در اﯾﻦ ﺟﺴﺘﺎر ﻧﻘﺶ ﺗﺮﻧﺞ و ﺳﺮﺗﺮﻧﺞ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺖ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﯾﻪ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻫﻨﺮﻣﻨﺪان ﻧﮕﺎرﮔﺮ ﻋﺼﺮ ﺻﻔﻮي ﮐﻪ در واﻗﻊ ﻃﺮاﺣﺎن ﻗﺎﻟﯽ ﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ دوره ﻧﯿـﺰ ﺑـﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﯽ آﻣﺪﻧﺪ، ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ارﺗﺒﺎط و ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻧﻈﺎم آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ، ﺻﻨﻔﯽ و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ آن دوران ﺑﺎ ﻣﺘﺼﻮﻓﻪ، ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺑﺎورﻫﺎي ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﯽ و ﺻـﻮﻓﯿﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻮده اﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﯿﻦ اﻣﺮ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﻧﻌﮑﺎس ﻣﻘﻮﻟﮥ ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺖ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﯾﻪ را ﮐﻪ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮ ﯾﻦ ارﮐﺎن ﻋﺮﻓﺎن اﺳﻼﻣﯽ و وﻻﯾﺖ ﺗﮑﻮﯾﻨﯽ اﺳﺖ، در ﻫﯿﺌﺖ ﺗﺮﻧﺞ و ﺳﺮﺗﺮﻧﺞ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرﺗﯽ رﻣﺰي ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ﮐﺸﻨﺪ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﮔﺮدش ﻫﺎي دوراﻧـﯽ و رﻓـﺖ وﺑﺎزﮔﺸـﺘﯽ ﻧﻘـﻮش اﺳـﻠﯿﻤﯽ و ﺧﺘـﺎﯾﯽ را ﻣﯽ ﺗـﻮان رﻣﺰي از دوري ﺑﻮدن زﻣﺎن در ﻋﺮﻓﺎن و ﺗﺼﻮف داﻧﺴﺖ. ازاﯾﻦ رو ي اﯾﻦ ﻣﻬﻢ در ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻧﮕﺮش درﺑﺎرۀ ﺻﺮﻓﺎً ﺗﺰﯾﯿﻨﯽ ﺧﻮاﻧﺪن و ﺑﺎور ﺑـﻪ ﻓﻘـﺪان ﻣﻌﻨـﺎ و ﻣﺤﺘﻮ ا در ﻗﺎﻟﯽ ﻫﺎي اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ واﻗﻊ ﺷﻮد.

The interpretive study of Iranian traditional art, especially Persian carpets, is one of the most important methods of face and body analyses. In this way, the researchers can achieve the intentions of the artists who have designed and created a piece of art, including those of carpets, tiles, gildings, and so on. In this paper, the key role and place of medallions and head-medallions in Persian carpets, the way they create arabesque traceries and khatai patterns, and their relation with the eternal truth of Muhammadyah, as one of the most important pillars of Shiite thought--namely the genetic guardianship of imams-- are to be considered. This research has deployed a descriptive-analytic method, and library study to collect data along with the observation of Safavid's carpets. Afterwards, it has investigated genuine mystical layers of Iranian urban carpets and Shiite beliefs of the designers of the Safavid era. The findings will lead to the formation of innovative designs in the field of current Iranian carpet designing. In addition, it will change the attitude that the designs in Persian carpet are lacking in meaning and purpose.