كليدواژه :
شهر تاريخي , منظر شهري تاريخي , تغييرات شهري , مديريت تغيير , بافت تاريخي قزوين
چكيده فارسي :
در يك قرن اخير مناظر شهري تاريخي تحت تأثير تحولات ناشي از عوامل اقتصادي، اجتماعي، سياسي، فرهنگي و البته در پي اجراي طرح‌هاي بالادستي، مداخلات و تغييرات اقليمي، دچار تغيير شدند. در چنين شرايطي جلوگيري از چنين تغييري عملا غيرممكن شده و مديريت اين تغييرات در راستاي حفاظت از شهر تاريخي ضرورت پيدا كرده است. اين نوع از مديريت به عنوان بخشي از فرآيند حفاظت شهري با تجزيه و تحليل دقيق تغييرات و تأثيرات آن به كنترل و كاهش آثار سوء آن‌ها مي‌پردازد. هدف از اين پژوهش كاربست مديريت تغيير در حفاظت از منظر شهري تاريخي قزوين است كه از طريق شناخت ويژگي‌هاي بافت تاريخي و بررسي تغييرات، ارزيابي و آسيب‌شناسي آن تأمين شده‌است. همچنين تغييرات مناطق مسكوني، مناطق سبز و راه‌ها به طور خاص بين سال‌هاي 1335 تا 1398 با استفاده از نرم‌افزار ArcGIS10 مورد مقايسه قرار گرفتند. تغييرات رخ داده در محدوده تحت تأثير اجراي طرح‌هاي توسعه شهري، با افزايش قطعات بلوك‌هاي مسكوني ضمن كاهش مساحت آن‌ها، از بين رفتن شبكه معابر ارگانيك بافت تاريخي، و همچنين با كاهش چشمگير و پراكندگي فضاي سبز روبرو شده است.
چكيده لاتين :
The historic urban landscape is the urban area perceived as the result of a historical layering of cultural and natural values and attributes, extending beyond the notion of “historic centre” or “ensemble” to include the broader urban context and
its geographical setting. Over the past century, historic urban landscapes have changed due to economic, societal, political
and cultural circumstances. While it is not possible to prevent change, managing these changes is essential for conserving
historical cities. Historical urban landscapes are constantly changing, due to the implementation of upstream projects,
human activities, and climate change. The change management strategy is a part of the urban conservation process by
analyzing changes and effects in detail and trying to neutralize the negative impact of change. This research aims to apply
change management in the conservation of historical urban landscape of Qazvin which has been achieved by identifying
features of historical districts, studying, evaluating and pathology of the changes. Qazvin, as one of the historical cities
of Iran with a significant settlement history in its plains, has a historical fabric with inherent values. A combination of
economic structure, historic residential neighborhoods, historic buildings and traditional gardens which together create a
valuable collection of features of Qazvin's historic urban landscape. Although a significant number of Qazvin's historical
monuments are on the National Monuments List, the city has not been spared from invasions and disproportionate
urban occupations, and the scope of development intervention in the city has caused irreparable damage. Along with
the change in lifestyles and the increase in urban population, the historical context of the city has been exposed to
physical interventions ranging from destruction and widening of streets, street designs and disruption of spatial structure,
to environmental degradation and its traditional gardens, which in some cases have led to the disappearance of important
parts of the historical city. According to experts, the main reason for these extensive interventions in the historical urban
landscape of Qazvin is the influence of the inappropriate management and planning for the city and its citizens. This
applied development research is action-oriented. The changes in residential areas, green spaces, and streets have been
specifically studied between 1956 and 2019, digitalized and compared using ArcGIS10. As the findings show, the number
of residential units is increasing while the area per unit is decreasing. Also, the demolition of connected historical urban
pathways and the increase in the number of dead-ends are both the result of implementation of urban development
plans. With regard to urban green space, a dramatic decline and division can be clearly observed. Accordingly, it can
be concluded that the main drivers of change in Qazvin's historical landscape include political, economic, cultural,
technological and natural factors that indirectly cause changes in the city as well as factors such as population growth, and
urban and infrastructure development. The lifestyle of city’s residents, industrialization, commercialization, wear and tear, and environmental changes have directly changed the historical fabric of Qazvin.
