پديد آورندگان :
كريم زاده، جمشيد دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد بوشهر - دانشكده فني و مهندسي - گروه معماري، بوشهر، ايران , مهدي نژاد درزي، جمال الدين دانشگاه تربيت دبير شهيد رجايي - دانشكده مهندسي معماري و شهرسازي - گروه معماري، تهران، ايران , كريمي، باقر دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد بوشهر - دانشكده فني و مهندسي - گروه معماري، بوشهر، ايران
كليدواژه :
عملكرد حرارتي , آسايش حرارتي , شاخصPET , معماري بوم‌گرا , ايوان
چكيده فارسي :
تغييرات اقليمي يكي از شاخص‌ترين واكنش‌هاي محيطي است كه با افزايش جمعيت و رشد شهرنشيني بر محيط زيست پيراموني خود تاثير گذاشته‌است. لذا آسايش حرارتي در چنين محيط انسان‌سازي تحت تاثير شرايط اقليمي پيراموني خودقرار گرفته‌است. بازجست راهبردهاي بوم‌گرايانه از مهمترين اهداف اين تحقيق در كاهش دماي محيطي بوده‌است. تناسبات عناصر اقليمي در بدنه نما همچون ايوان‌ها، تاثيرات بارزي بر كاهش دما بر محيط اطرافشان داشته‌اند. در اين راستا 4 ايوان با 4 جهت جغرافيايي در 3 خانه بافت تاريخي شيراز انتخاب شدند. اين پژوهش با رويكردي كمي از روش ميداني جهت برداشت داده‌هاي آب و هوايي، مولفه‌هاي فيزيكي و شبيه‌سازي توسط نرم‌افزار بهره برده‌است. نتايج مستخرج از آزمايش‌هاي تجربي كه توسط دستگاه‌هايي همچون ترموهيگرومتر و ترموپيرومتر بر روي نقاط مدنظر انجام شده، توسط نرم‌افزار Envi-met صحت‌سنجي شده‌است. در انتها با نرم‌افزار Bio-met شاخص آسايش حرارتيPET تعيين شد. نتايج پژوهش حاكي از آن بود كه با توجه به تفاوت ميانگين شاخصPET ايوان و حياط خانه‌ها، تعديل‌گر ايوان بر اين شاخص تاثير بيشتري نسبت به حياط داشته‌است، لذا متغيرهايي نظير عرض ايوان، مساحت گشايش فضايي در نما و ارتفاع از سطح حياط با توجه به جهت جغرافيايي حائز اهميت بوده‌اند. با افزايش عرض بازشوها و افزايش ارتفاع از سطح حياط و به دنبال آن دوري جستن از بازتاب‌هاي دمايي، در ايوان‌ها شرايط دمايي بهينه‌تري تجربه شده‌است.
چكيده لاتين :
Climate change is one of the most significant environmental reactions that has affected the environment and along with increasing population, industrial expansion, and urbanization, has led to an increase in urban metabolism and changes in weather patterns. Therefore, thermal comfort, which is a satisfying thermal condition from the surrounding man-made
environment, is affected by the surrounding climatic conditions. Historically, the temperature and providing thermal
comfort has been one of the most important priority needs of users. In this regard, environmental compatibility, rereading
and reproducing concepts in accordance with the environment have been essential. The main objectives of this research
in reducing the ambient temperature are to retrieve vernacular strategies and identify the techniques that encompass the
natural, cultural, traditional, and social conditions prevailing in an area. The proportions of climatic elements in the façade
-the exchange of internal and external boundaries has been one of the main elements in temperature response and balanceincluding
all physical points and vector constituents that form a space with an arch that is closed on three sides, and
opened to the courtyard from the front, have shown significant effects on lowering the temperature of their surroundings.
In this regard, four porches with four geographical directions (north, south, east and west) in the three houses (with
historical antiquity and influential climatic elements like: Sadr Jahromi , Forough–al-Molk and Mohandesi) of Shiraz's
historical fabric were selected. In this research, quantitative approaches such as field study and collection of climate data
and physical components were used along with computational simulation. The field data and experimental results obtained
by devices (portable instruments in the selected buildings) such as thermo-hygrometer to record maximum and minimum
ambient temperature and humidity and thermo-pyrometer to measure surface temperature on the targeted points, such as
yards and porches were analyzed and validated by Envi-met (climate analysis simulator) software. Lastly, PET thermal
comfort index, physiological equivalent temperature and index for determining the comfort temperature in open and semiopen
spaces, were calculated using Bio-met software (the impact of all climatic factors can be evaluated by the results of
this index). The research results showed that according to the difference between the average PET index of porches and
yards, the porch modifier had a greater effect on this index than the yard. Therefore, variables such as the width of the
porch, the area of the spatial opening in the facade, and the height of the courtyard have significant impacts according to
the geographical direction. By increasing the width of the openings and the height from the surface of the yard, followed by
preventing temperature reflections, including long wave infrared radiation emitted based on heat received from surrounding
materials and reducing the reception of these rays and their re-emission, the temperature of the PET index decreased, and the PET temperature was in a more appropriate range in terms of thermal perception and degree of physiological pressure.
Also, better temperature condition and reduced thermal stress condition were experienced in the porches.
