پديد آورندگان :
سعيدي، پريسا دانشگاه هنر اصفهان - دانشكده معماري و شهرسازي، اصفهان، ايران , صالحي، ابوذر دانشگاه هنر اصفهان - دانشكده معماري و شهرسازي - گروه معماري، اصفهان، ايران , افشاري، محسن دانشگاه هنر اصفهان - دانشكده معماري و شهرسازي - گروه معماري، اصفهان، ايران
كليدواژه :
هويت بخشي , رويكرد صورت گرا , معماري تاريخي ايران , مسكن معاصر
چكيده فارسي :
معماري مسكن معاصر در ايران با پديد آمدن برونگرايي و الگوهاي جديد ساختماني، آنچنان كه در گذشته بازتاب‌دهنده هويت و فرهنگ جامعه بود تحقق نيافت و به تدريج دچار بحران هويت شد. بنابراين جريانات هويت‌گرايي متعددي شكل گرفت و معماران با رويكردهاي گوناگون به پيشينه معماري ايران رجوع و سعي كردند به معماري مسكن معاصر هويت ببخشند. بخشي از اين ارجاعات با رويكردهاي صورت‌گرايانه همراه بوده است. در اين تحقيق جهت تبيين انواع رويكردهاي صورت‌گرا و بررسي نمود كالبدي آن‌ها در مسكن، تعدادي از آثار مسكوني معاصري كه با دغدغه هويتمندي طراحي و اجرا گرديده‌اند گزينش شدند. آثار برگزيده به كمك ابزار مشاهده، جستجو در اسناد و مدارك و بهره‌مندي از نظريات معماران و منتقدان، از منظر صورت‌گرايانه مورد بررسي و تحليل دقيق قرار گرفتند تا بدين طريق ارجاعات صورت‌گرايانه به پيشينه معماري ايراني در آثار استخراج و تفكيك شوند. انواع رويكردهاي صورت‌گرا در چند گروه شامل بهره‌گيري از «الگوهاي فضايي»، «ايده‌هاي سازمان‌دهنده فضا»، «عناصر و اجزاي كالبدي»، «مصالح رايج»، «نظم و اشكال هندسي رايج» و «رنگ‌هاي مرسوم» در معماري ايراني تقسيم شدند. تبيين اين زيرمجموعه‌ها، دو رويكرد «ذهنيت‌گرا» و «عينيت‌گرا» را در ارجاعات صورت‌گرايانه معين كرد و ميزان توانايي هر كدام را در هويت‌بخشي به مسكن معاصر آشكار ساخت و مشخص نمود كه هويت‌بخشي به معماري مسكن معاصر چنانچه با وام‌گيري از وجوه صورت‌گرايانه معماري تاريخي ايران همراه باشد، نيازمند برقراري تعاملي انديشمندانه ميان عينيت‌گرايي و ذهنيت‌گرايي در رويكرد صورت‌گرا است.
چكيده لاتين :
With the emergence of extroversion and new construction techniques and styles such as apartments, villas and residential complexes during the contemporary era, housing architecture in Iran did not materialize properly as in the past. Thus, it no longer thoroughly reflected the identity and cultural background of society and it gradually suffered from an identity crisis.
In this regard, several identity trends (from first Pahlavi period) started in the contemporary era and architects with different points of view referred to Iran historical architecture and tried to revive its identity through various adaptations. Some of
these references were made with formalist approaches, whereas shape and form are always one of the prominent aspects
of architecture. In order to specify and explain all types of form-oriented approaches in reference to Iranian architecture, a
number of contemporary residential buildings that have been designed and implemented with identity concerns were selected
in this research. The evaluation of the buildings was conducted through observation, literature review, and using the theories
of its architects and critics, in a descriptive-analytical manner and from a formalistic perspective. Thus, the types of formalist
approaches that appeared in the body of works to identify the Iranian architectural features of the building were extracted
and explained. Explaining the various aspects and features of the formalist approaches taken from real examples, shows the
physical manifestation of architects' identity-seeking thoughts, provides the opportunity to compare the different actions of
architects in giving identity to housing from a formalist perspective, and provides the possibility of improving the weaknesses
and enhancing the strengths. This is an important step in evaluating the identity of housing in contemporary architecture of
Iran and is a necessity that can lead to the continuation of Iranian architecture. Various types of form-oriented approaches that
have been used in the contemporary residential buildings in order to revive the architectural identity of Iran, can be divided
into several groups, including the use of "spatial patterns", "space organizing ideas", "physical elements and components”,
“indigenous materials", "common geometric order and shapes and patterns" and "conventional colors" in Iranian architecture.
By examining and analyzing these subsets two different approaches in formalistic references to historic architecture were
identified namely, "subjectivist" and "objectivist". It also revealed the extent to which each of the subjectivist and objectivist
viewpoints was able to revive Iranian architectural identity in contemporary housing, and explained the ability of each
approach to make connections with people to represent different manifestations of Iranian architecture. It pointed out that if
the revival of Iranian architectural identity in the contemporary era is attended by referring to the formative aspects of historic
architecture, it requires a thoughtful interaction between objectivism and subjectivism in the formative approaches, to meet
the emerging needs and lifestyles of people. In addition to its appearance, the main application of historic architectural forms should also be considered.
