استخراج ابعاد معلمان اثربخش به‌منظور ارائه چهارچوب مفهومي آموزش و تربيت‌معلم اثربخش و اعتباربخشي آن

The Extracting the Dimensions of Effective Teachers with Regard to Provide a Conceptual Framework of Education and Teacher Training

ﻫﺪف اﺳﺎﺳﯽ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﴐ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج اﺑﻌﺎد ﻣﻌﻠمان اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اراﺋﻪ ﭼﻬﺎرﭼﻮب ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺶ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر، ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻘﯽ از روش ﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي اﺳﻨﺎدي، ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ-ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ و ﮐﯿﻔﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. در ﺑﺨﺶ ﻧﺨﺴﺖ، ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ﻣﺘﻮن ﻧﻈﺮي و ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ داﺧﻠﯽ و ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ در دﺳﱰس، ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ و اﺳﻨﺎد ﺑﺎﻻدﺳﺘﯽ ﻧﻈﺎم آﻣﻮزش وﭘﺮورش ﮐﺸﻮر ﺟﻤﻬﻮري اﺳﻼﻣﯽ اﯾﺮان اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ 40ﺳﻨﺪ 29)ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﮥ ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ، 4ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﮥ داﺧﻠﯽ و 7ﺳﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻻدﺳﺘﯽ( اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ، اﺑﺰار ﮔﺮدآوري داده ﻫﺎ ﭼﮏ ﻟﯿﺴﺖ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ رواﯾﯽ ﺻﻮري، ﻣﺤﺘﻮاﯾﯽ آن ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ 3ﻧﻔﺮ از ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن داﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ و ﺑﺎ روش آزﻣﻮن ﻣﺠﺪد، ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ آن /91ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﺑﺎره، 138وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻌﻠمان اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺶ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج و در 37ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺗﻠﺨﯿﺺ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. 37ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺮاﺑﺖ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺘﯽ در 5ﺑﻌﺪ ﺻﻼﺣﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺣﺮﻓﻪ اي )ﺑﺎ 3ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ(، وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺘﯽ )ﺑﺎ 9ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ(، ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﮐﻼس درس )ﺑﺎ 5 ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ(، ﻣﻬﺎرت ﻫﺎي ﺗﺪرﯾﺲ )ﺑﺎ 01 ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ( و ﻧﻈﺎرت و ارزﺷﯿﺎﺑﯽ )ﺑﺎ 01 ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ( دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. در ﺑﺨﺶ دوم، ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﻨﺎد ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه و ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﻈﺮي ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ، ﭼﻬﺎرﭼﻮب ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪ. در ﺑﺨﺶ ﺳﻮم ﻧﯿﺰ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﮥ آﻣﺎري ﺷﺎﻣﻞ اﺳﺘﺎدان رﺷﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻮم ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺘﯽ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮاﯾﺶ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰي درﺳﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي دوﻟﺘﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ (N=31)ﮐﻪ01 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﺑﺎ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﭼﻬﺎرﭼﻮب ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ اﻋﺘﺒﺎرﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ﭼﻬﺎرﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻟﯿﻨﮑﻠﻦ و ﮔﻮﺑﺎ )اﻋﺘمادﭘﺬﯾﺮي، اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﭘﺬﯾﺮي، اﺗﮑﺎﭘﺬﯾﺮي و ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪﭘﺬﯾﺮي( ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ اﻋﺘماد ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﻈﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن ﻣﺒﯿﻦ ﻣﻌﺘﱪ ﺑﻮدن ﭼﻬﺎرﭼﻮب ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎدي ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ.

This study aims to the extracting the dimensions of effective teachers with regard to provide a conceptual framework of education and teacher training. The research methodology is mixed that it has been done by using of documents content analysis, descriptive-analytical and qualitative method. In the first part Statistical society includes all available internal and external research and theoretical texts, related references, and upper documents of Islamic Republic of Iran education system which are purposefully selected and considered; the numbers of considered documents are 40 cases. to collect the data check list used that Reliability approved by 3 experts university and validity by test-retest (α=/91).The major findings reveal 138 character that those sort in 5 dimensions with 37 items: professional competences (with 3 components), personality characteristics (with 9 components), classroom management (with 5 components), teaching skills (with 10 components), monitoring and evaluation (with 10components). Conceptual framework of education and teacher training has been designed in the second part. In section 3 also Statistical community includes curriculum specialists Tehran’s universities (N=31) that were selected 10 people with Purposive Sampling. White criteria of Lincoln & Guba (Credibility, Transferability, Dependability and Conformability) Trustworthiness research is considered. The proposed conceptual framework was received the general approval of the curriculum specialists.