كليدواژه :
حافظ , گارسيا لوركا , ديوان حافظ , ديوان تاماريت , تاثيرپذيري
چكيده فارسي :
موضوع مقاله حاضر تاثير حافظ بر فدريكو گارسيا لوركا يكي از بزرگترين شعراي اسپانيايي است. اين پژوهش ابتدا در گذر مختصري از معرفي اين دو شاعر خواننده را با چارچوب فكري و سبك ادبي لوركا آشنا مي‌سازد و چگونگي آشنايي او را با حافظ از طريق ترجمه‌هايي كه از ديوان در اسپانيا انجام شده، نشان مي دهد. در بخش ديگري از مقاله براي اثبات تاثيرحافظ بر لوركا گفته هايي از خود شاعر و دوستان نزديك او نقل قول مي‌شوند؛ و در آخر با تطبيق نمونه‌هايي از اشعار اين دو شاعر ميزان تاثير لوركا از حافظ مورد ارزيابي قرار مي‌گيرد. تاثير پذيري لوركا از حافظ نه تنها از طريق كاربرد مضامين، آرايه‌هاي ادبي و مهارت در بازي هاي فوق‌العاده ظريف و گاه ناپيداي با كلمات مي باشد، بلكه همچنين اين تاثيردرچارچوب فكري او نيز به چشم مي‌خورد. بررسي اين مقاله نشان مي‌دهد اين شاعر اسپانيايي براي خلق برخي از آثار خود بخصوص "ديوان تاماريت" از حافظ الهام گرفته، از عناصر"ديوان حافظ" بهره جسته و به تقليد از اواشعار اين كتاب را در قالب غزل و قصيده سروده وعنوان كتابش را ديوان نام نهاده است.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction: The subject of this article is Hafez’s influence on Federico
Garcia Lorca, one of the greatest Spanish poets. This research first introduces
the reader to Lorca’s intellectual framework and literary style in brief
by introducing these two poets and shows how he became acquainted with
Hafez through translations of Divan in Spain. In another part of the article,
to prove Lorca’s influence, quotes from the poet himself and his close
friends are mentioned; and finally, by comparing examples of the poems
of these two poets, the extent of Lorca’s influence on Hafez is evaluated.
Lorca’s influence on Hafez is not only through the use of themes, literary
arrays, and skill in extraordinarily subtle and sometimes invisible word
games, but it is also evident in his frame of mind. Studies in this article
show that the Spanish poet was inspired by Hafez to create his “Divan of
Tamarit”, used the elements of “Hafez’s Divan” and named his book Divan
after him.
Background Studies :In the West, Goethe’s interest and admiration for
Hafez prompted him to write his Divan called “West-Eastern Divan” Perhaps
one of the ways in which Garcia Lorca became acquainted with Hafez
is through this source.
Although, the world got to know Hafez’s poems after the seventeenth century,
his poems arrived in Spain later than in other European countries.
There, too, through indirect translations, he had a significant impact on
some of the poets of Spain.
Method and Discussion: Poetry as a literary genre is an aesthetic experience
and needs to be interpreted. Persian poetry is known as rich literature that has rhythm and music. When dealing with classical poetry, the subject
becomes more complex. Hafiz’s work essentially represents music that is
related to beauty, an aesthetic that seeks to move away from the ordinary
and requires great attention.
In this article, through the influence of one of the greatest poets of Spain,
Persian literature in Spain is studied. Many types of research have been
done on Hafez and Lorca’s poems so far, but yet no documents indicate
Lorca’s acquaintance with Hafez.
Undoubtedly, Lorca became acquainted with Hafez through translations of
Divan made by some famous Spanish writer or translator and thus was able
to discover common thoughts and feelings between Hafez and himself; that
is why it is possible to compare the poems of this Spanish poet with the poems
of Hafez and look for commonalities in terms of themes and aesthetics.
Conclusion :By comparing some of Lorca’s poems with Hafez’s, we find
that some of the themes that Hafez used in his poems have also infiltrated
Lorca’s poems and, willingly or unwillingly, have given an oriental mood
to his poetry.
By comparing Lorca’s poems, especially the poems of Poem of the Deep
Song and Gypsy Ballads with the poems of Hafez’s divan, the same themes
used in both works can be extracted; In the divan of these two Eastern and
Western poets, where many difficult and difficult terms and meanings have
been used, mysticism can be sought that to reveal and understand these
concepts, one must first reach the deep thoughts of the poet. There are many
metaphors in their poems, in other words, these two poets have played with
so many words that the phenomenon of language complexity can be felt in
their poetry.
