كليدواژه :
نسخه صور الكواكب , عهد صفوي , منوچهر خان بيگلربيگي , ملك حسين اصفهاني , تصوير سازي آسمان
چكيده فارسي :
صورت فلكي يا هم اختران، گردايه اي از ستارگان است كه از ديدگاه زميني به شكل ويژه اي مانند سازي و نام گذاري شده اند. اين بخش از نجوم، از ديرباز براي نشاني دهي و فهم آسان تر ستاره شناسي، در ملل مختلف مرسوم بوده است. براي شناخت بهتر و سريع تر و دريافت صحيح اطلاعات در زمينه علم نجوم، تصوير سازي صورفلكي به عنوان شاخه اي از هنرهاي تجسمي پديد آمده است. در اين نوع از تصوير سازي هنرمند علاوه بر مهارت هاي تصوير سازي مي بايست در علم نجوم نيز مطالعاتي داشته باشد. در اين پژوهش، ترجمه يكي از نسخه هاي فارسي كتاب صور الكواك تأليف دانشمند بزرگ ايراني، صوفي رازي مورد بررسي قرار مي گيرد،كه به دستور منوچهر خان حاكم صاحب ذوق مشهد در دوره ي صفوي (قرن11ه.ق) و با تصوير سازي هاي ناب استاد ملك حسين اصفهاني استنساخ گرديده است. اين نسخه داراي373 صفحه و دستِ كم 99 نگاره نفيس مي باشد كه اكنون در مجموعه اي به نام اسپنسر محفوظ در كتابخانه عمومي نيويورك نگهداري مي شود. به نظر مي رسد بازتوليد دستِ كم دو كتاب علمي الحشايش و صور الكواكب در دوره منوچهر خان حكايت از علاقه هم زمان منوچهر خان به علم و هنر باشد. شيوه بررسي نسخه توصيفي-تحليلي مي باشد؛ كه از طريق مطابقت تصوير سازي ها با متن انجام گرفته است.
چكيده لاتين :
A constellation is a collection of stars that are specially
shaped and named from a terrestrial perspective. This part
of astronomy has long been practiced in various nations to
mark and make astronomy easier to understand. For better
and faster understanding and to prevent misinterpretation,
constellation illustration has emerged as a branch of visual
arts. In this type of illustration, in addition to illustration
skills, the artist must have studies in astronomy. In fact,
the artist communicates with illustration, between complex
concepts and topics and astronomical details in a simple
but attractive way. In general, the motifs and shapes that
can be seen from the constellations in the surviving works
of ancient Iran have deep roots in the religious thought of
the people of that time, which are symbolically displayed.
This issue appears in a different way in the Islamic era and
the reflection of beliefs and knowledge takes on a different
color. Scientific and illustrated manuscripts of the Islamic
era were so important in Iran that they were among the
first picture books in the early centuries. According to the
surviving examples from this period, it can be said that the
books that had a higher quality and degree from a scientific
point of view, used obsessive illustrators and more precision
in their illustration. Following this, the "flourishing" of art
and the political and social peace of the period, and the
schools of art in which the manuscripts were depicted were
effective and influential. The manuscripts are so numerous
that, after years of research by local and foreign artists and
researchers, many of them remain intact, and only some of
them have been very briefly analyzed and made available.
Constellation illustrations have appeared in some weak and
strong in some versions; and have had most of the effects
of previous versions. In these effects, it was possible to
change the space or the elements or to change them, but
the illustrator refused to do so and remained faithful to
the original pattern. Regarding the atmosphere and the
importance of the background in the scientific images of
this version, it is inferred that the illustrator has no reason
to fill the background space and only shows the position
of the stars, inserting the image and new discoveries of
constellations. In this research, the Persian translation of
the book "Sur al-Kawakab" written by the great Iranian
scientist, abul Hassan Abdul Rahman Sufi Razi, in the 11th
century AH is examined. This copy has been reproduced by
the order of "Abolfath Manouchehr Khan biglarbegi", the
ruler of Mashhad in the Safavid period, with the pure artistry
and illustrations of "King Hossein Isfahani". It seems that the
reproduction of at least two scientific books of Al-Hashaish
and Sura Al-Kawakab in the period of Manouchehr Khan
indicates the simultaneous interest of Manouchehr Khan in
science and art. The method of reviewing the descriptiveanalytical
version is done by matching textual illustrations
