كالا شدگي به مثابه خشونت عليه هنر (مطالعه موردي: تابلو فرش)

Commodification as A Violence Against Art (Case Study: Pictorial Carpets)

ﻧﺎدﯾﺪه ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ارزش و ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه اﺛﺮ ﻫﻨﺮي و ﺗﻘﻠﯿﻞ ارزش آن ﺻﺮﻓﺎً ﺑﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻫﻨﺠﺎرﻫﺎ و ارزشﻫﺎي ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﮐﺎﻧﺎل ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪﭘﺬﯾﺮي اﻓﺮاد، ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺰﻟﻪ ﺧﺸﻮﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ ﻫﻨﺮ ﺑﻮده و ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮور زﻣﺎن ﺑﺎﻋﺚ از ﺑﯿﻦ رﻓﺘﻦ اﺛﺮ ﻫﻨﺮي و ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ آن ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ ﮐﺎﻻ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﻫﺪف اﺻﻠﯽ اﯾـﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿـﻖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ ﻣﺼـﺎدﯾﻖ ﺧﺸـﻮﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﯿـﻪ ﻫﻨـﺮ و ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي آن اﺳﺖ؛ در ﺧﺸﻮﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ ﻫﻨﺮ ﺑﺤﺚ ﮐﺎﻻﯾﯽ ﺷﺪن و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده اﺑﺰاري از ﻫﻨﺮ ﯾـﺎ ﺑﺤـﺚ ﺳـﯿﻄﺮه ﺑﻌـﺪ ﻣﺎدي ﻫﻨﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻌﻨﻮي آن ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺧﺸﻮﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ ﻫﻨﺮ، ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ آﺳﯿﺐﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از آن در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﮐﺎﻻي ﻫﻨﺮي ﺗﺎﺑﻠﻮ ﻓـﺮش ﭘﺮداﺧﺘـﻪ ﺷـﺪه اﺳـﺖ. ﻧﮕﺎرﻧـﺪﮔﺎن در اﯾـﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ در ﭘﯽ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ دﻫﯽ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺳﻮاﻻت ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﭼﻪ ﻣﻮاردي را ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺧﺸﻮﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ ﻫﻨﺮ ﺗﻠﻘﯽ ﮐﺮد؟ آﯾﺎ در ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺎﺑﻠﻮ ﻓﺮش ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﮐﺮد ﮐﻪ ﺧﺸﻮﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ آن اﺗﻔﺎق ﻣﯽاﻓﺘﺪ؟ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ در ﻋﺼﺮ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺧﺸﻮﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ ﻫﻨﺮ در ﻋﺮﺻﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ رخ داده اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻨﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﻟﺬت ﺑﺮدن و ارزش ﻣﻌﻨـﻮي آن ﻫﻤﻮاره ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﻮده و ﻫﻨﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﻨﺮ در ﻃﻮل ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺎن ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ واﻗﻊ ﺷﺪه وﻟﯽ اﻣﺮوزه در اﺛﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﻮرد ﻣﺎدي ﺑﺎ آن ارزش ﻫﻨﺮ ﻧﺎدﯾﺪه اﻧﮕﺎﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه و ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻋﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﺧﺸﻮﻧﺖ واﻗﻊ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮓ ﮐﺮدن ﺗﺎﺑﻠﻮ ﻓﺮشﻫﺎ ﺑـﺎ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻟﻮازم ﻣﻨﺰل و داﺷﺘﻦ دﯾﺪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪاي ﺑﻪ آن و ﮐﺎﻻﯾﯽ ﺷﺪن آن از ﻣﺼﺎدﯾﻖ ﺧﺸﻮﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ ﻫﻨـﺮ اﺳـﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻮﻻت ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار در ﺣﻮزه ﻣﺼﺮف ﺗﺎﺑﻠﻮ ﻓﺮش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮور ﺑﻌـﺪ ﻫﻨـﺮي در زﻣﯿﻨـﻪ ﺗـﺎﺑﻠﻮ ﻓـﺮش ﮐﻤﺮﻧﮓ ﺷﺪه و ﺗﻘﺪم ﮐﺎﻻﺷﺪﮔﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﺗﺎﺑﻠﻮ ﻓﺮش دﯾﺪه ﻣﯽﺷﻮد.

Ignoring the value and statue of the artwork and reducing its value merely to the transmission of norms and values of society as a channel of socialization of individuals, is violence against art and over time, causes the artwork to disappear and become a commodity. The main purpose of this study is to study examples of violence against art and its consequences; In violence against art, the discussion of commodification and instrumental use of art or the discussion of the dominance of the material dimension of art over its spiritual dimension can be identified. Buying and selling artwork, the importance of customer taste, reducing the quality of arts in order to mass production and customization of arts are among the consequences of commodification of arts that most arts face in the present age. In this research, while studying the issue of violence against art, the damages caused by it in the field of pictorial carpet have been studied. In this research, the authors are trying to answer the questions: what can be considered violence against art? Can it be proven that violence occurs against pictorial carpets? Research findings show that in the present era, violence against art has occurred in various fields. Art has always been considered for enjoyment and its spiritual value, and art for art has been considered for many years, but today, due to the material encounter with it, the value of art has been ignored and has been subjected to some kind of violence. Coordinating pictorial carpets with other home appliances and having capital view on it and commodification is one of the examples of violence against art, which has led to significant changes in the field of pictorial carpets. Over time, the artistic dimension in the field of pictorial carpets has diminished and the precedence of commodification over the cultural aspects of pictorial carpets can be seen. In connection with the discussion of instances of violence against art, which was discussed in detail in this article, following the interviews, 4 categories related to the topic of violence against art in the field of pictorial carpets have been extracted: one of the categories achieved is coordination; The next case in the instrumentation of art; The third case is commodification; The fourth case is the superiority of the materialist aspect of art over its spiritual aspect. If we expand the theories in question in the field of pictorial carpet and based on the research findings, we reach a similar conclusion. Pictorial carpet is one of the artworks that is used by many people in the contemporary period. At first it had an artistic aspect that has largely moved away from it over time and in terms of it material value has been considered by consumers; This has affected the quality of its production and has caused it to move away from artistic dimension. As a result, mass production has become popular. According to consumer s wishes, certain topics are woven more than others. All these factors have caused its artistic value to decline. an‎d finally it has made pictorial carpet a valuable commodity in people s homes, which is a symbol of wealth and financial prosperity.